have／has ＋ p.p.

現在完成式

The present perfect — English grammar, junior high

接續

have／has ＋過去分詞（visited、eaten、been、done）　常和 already、yet、ever、never、for、since 一起用

have / has + past participle (visited, eaten, been, done) · often with already, yet, ever, never, for, since

說明

現在完成式連接過去和現在：說經驗（I have been to Japan.）、已經完成的事（I have already eaten.）、從過去持續到現在的事（She has lived here for ten years.）。

The present perfect links past and present: experience (I have been to Japan), something already done (I have already eaten), something that started in the past and continues (She has lived here for ten years).

注意事項

for ＋一段時間（for three years），since ＋起點（since 2020）。
for + a period (for three years), since + a starting point (since 2020).
有明確的過去時間（yesterday、last year）時用過去式，不用完成式。
With a finished time (yesterday, last year) use the past simple, not the perfect.

常見錯誤

✗ I have seen him yesterday.
✓ I saw him yesterday.
有 yesterday 這種明確的過去時間，用過去式。
With yesterday use the past simple.
✗ She has live here since 2018.
✓ She has lived here since 2018.
has 後面要用過去分詞。
has needs the past participle.

例句

Have you ever tried stinky tofu?

你吃過臭豆腐嗎？

I haven't finished the report yet.

我還沒寫完報告。

We have known each other for five years.

我們認識五年了。

練習

在 Hanabiの小天地聽例句的錄音、做 3 題練習，答對 2/3 就算學會，進度會記下來。

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