中文 HSK 7–9（台灣版） 聽力練習 第 1 回

第 1 段　The Formosan black bear is Taiwan's largest land mammal, with a white, moon-like mark on its chest. It lives mainly in mountain forests between one and three thousand metres, eating fruit and young leaves and sometimes insects and small animals. Because of forest development and past illegal hunting its numbers fell sharply; only a few hundred are thought to remain in the wild, and it is now a protected species. Researchers have set up many infrared cameras in the mountains to keep recording the bears. Experts warn that if you meet one while hiking, never turn and run: stay calm and back away slowly.

逐字稿（聽完再看）

旁白台灣黑熊是台灣體型最大的陸地哺乳動物，胸前有一塊像月亮一樣的白色花紋。牠們主要生活在海拔一千到三千公尺的山區森林，以植物的果實、嫩葉為主要食物，偶爾也吃昆蟲和小動物。由於森林遭到開發，再加上過去的非法捕獵，台灣黑熊的數量曾經大幅減少，目前估計野外只剩下幾百隻，已被列為保育類動物。近年來，研究人員在山區架設了許多紅外線相機，持續記錄黑熊的活動。專家提醒，登山時如果遇到黑熊，千萬不要轉身就跑，應該保持冷靜，慢慢後退。

The Formosan black bear is Taiwan's largest land mammal, with a white, moon-like mark on its chest. It lives mainly in mountain forests between one and three thousand metres, eating fruit and young leaves and sometimes insects and small animals. Because of forest development and past illegal hunting its numbers fell sharply; only a few hundred are thought to remain in the wild, and it is now a protected species. Researchers have set up many infrared cameras in the mountains to keep recording the bears. Experts warn that if you meet one while hiking, never turn and run: stay calm and back away slowly.

第 2 段　Taiwan's recycling rate is among the world's highest, yet over thirty years ago it was called "Garbage Island". Landfills couldn't cope, rubbish piled up like mountains in many places, and people protested. From the 1990s the government promoted sorting and recycling, and introduced the "rubbish never touches the ground" policy: people hand their rubbish to the cleaning crew in person when the truck comes. Later Taipei introduced charging for rubbish by the bag: you must buy special bags, so the more you throw away the more you pay, while recyclables are free. These policies greatly reduced rubbish and made recycling a daily habit in Taiwan.

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旁白台灣的資源回收率在世界上名列前茅，但在三十多年前，台灣曾經被稱為「垃圾之島」。當時，垃圾處理場不夠用，不少地方垃圾堆積如山，引起民眾抗議。為了解決問題，政府從1990年代起推動垃圾分類和資源回收，並實施「垃圾不落地」政策，要求民眾在垃圾車來的時候親自把垃圾交給清潔隊。後來，台北市又推出了「垃圾費隨袋徵收」，民眾必須購買專用的垃圾袋，丟得越多，付得越多，可回收的東西則免費。這些政策大大減少了垃圾量，也讓資源回收成為台灣人的生活習慣。

Taiwan's recycling rate is among the world's highest, yet over thirty years ago it was called "Garbage Island". Landfills couldn't cope, rubbish piled up like mountains in many places, and people protested. From the 1990s the government promoted sorting and recycling, and introduced the "rubbish never touches the ground" policy: people hand their rubbish to the cleaning crew in person when the truck comes. Later Taipei introduced charging for rubbish by the bag: you must buy special bags, so the more you throw away the more you pay, while recyclables are free. These policies greatly reduced rubbish and made recycling a daily habit in Taiwan.

第 3 段　

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女陳師傅，您從十幾歲就開始學布袋戲，到現在已經五十多年了。當初是怎麼開始的？

Master Chen, you began learning glove puppetry in your teens — over fifty years ago. How did it start?

男我的父親就是演布袋戲的。小時候，我常常跟著戲班到各地的廟口演出，看久了就迷上了。十五歲那年，我正式拜師學藝，光是練習手指的基本動作，就練了整整三年。

My father was a puppeteer. As a boy I often followed the troupe to temple squares all over, and after watching so long I was hooked. At fifteen I formally became an apprentice; just the basic finger movements took me three whole years.

女很多人覺得布袋戲是老人家看的東西，您怎麼看？

Many people think puppetry is for the elderly. What do you think?

男這是一種誤解。早年電視上播出的布袋戲，收視率非常高，連小學生都會模仿裡面的角色。現在也有團隊把布袋戲拍成電影，還結合了電腦特效，吸引了很多年輕觀眾。

That's a misunderstanding. Puppet shows on TV used to have huge ratings — even primary-school children imitated the characters. Now some teams make puppet films with computer special effects and draw lots of young viewers.

女您覺得布袋戲要怎麼傳承下去？

How do you think puppetry can be passed on?

男我認為最重要的是讓孩子親手摸到戲偶。我每個學期都會到小學去教課，孩子們一拿到戲偶，眼睛都亮了。傳統藝術不能只放在博物館裡，要活在人們的生活中。

Most important is letting children hold the puppets themselves. Every term I go and teach at primary schools, and the moment the children get a puppet their eyes light up. Traditional art can't just sit in museums; it has to live in people's lives.

第 4 段　

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男林小姐，您是一位潛水教練，為什麼會開始投入珊瑚保育？

Ms Lin, you are a diving instructor. Why did you take up coral conservation?

女我在墾丁潛水二十年了。最近十年，我親眼看到很多珊瑚變白、死亡，這叫做「珊瑚白化」，主要是海水溫度上升造成的。看著熟悉的海底一天天變得荒涼，我覺得不能再只是當一個旁觀者。

I've dived at Kenting for twenty years. Over the last ten I've watched a lot of coral turn white and die — that's called "coral bleaching", caused mainly by rising sea temperatures. Seeing the seabed I knew grow barer day by day, I felt I couldn't just look on any more.

男您現在做了哪些事？

What are you doing now?

女我們和大學的研究團隊合作，在海底建立了「珊瑚苗圃」，先把健康的珊瑚切成小塊培養，等它們長大以後，再種回受損的珊瑚礁。三年來，我們已經種回了五千多株珊瑚。

We work with a university research team. We've set up a "coral nursery" on the seabed: we cut healthy coral into small pieces and grow them, and when they're big enough we plant them back on damaged reefs. In three years we've replanted over five thousand corals.

男一般民眾能做些什麼？

What can ordinary people do?

女其實很簡單。去海邊玩的時候，選擇對珊瑚友善的防曬乳，不要踩在珊瑚上，也不要帶走海裡的任何東西。最重要的是，從生活中減少碳排放，因為海水變熱，才是珊瑚最大的威脅。

It's simple, really. At the beach, choose coral-friendly sunscreen, don't step on coral, and don't take anything from the sea. Most important, cut carbon emissions in daily life, because warming seas are coral's biggest threat.

第 5 段　Yushan is Taiwan's highest mountain: its main peak stands at 3,952 metres, the highest in north-east Asia. Under Japanese rule, because it was higher than Mount Fuji, it was called "Niitakayama" (New High Mountain). The name Yushan (Jade Mountain) is said to come from how its snowy summit looks like white jade from afar in winter. Today climbing the main peak is a lifetime goal for many Taiwanese. But to protect the environment and climbers' safety, the national park strictly limits numbers: you must apply online and places are decided by lottery, so some people apply several times before they win one. The climb usually takes two days. On the first you walk about 8.5 kilometres from the trailhead to the Paiyun Lodge to rest; on the second you get up at two or three in the morning, climb to the peak in the dark to see the sunrise, then come down. Experts warn that at such altitude climbers may get headaches, nausea and other symptoms of altitude sickness, so train before you go and take it slowly.

逐字稿（聽完再看）

旁白玉山是台灣最高的山，主峰海拔三千九百五十二公尺，也是東北亞最高的山峰。在日本統治時期，因為它比日本的富士山還高，曾經被稱為「新高山」。玉山的名字，據說來自山頂冬天積雪時，遠遠看去像白玉一樣。 現在，登上玉山主峰是許多台灣人一生中想要完成的目標。不過，為了保護環境和登山者的安全，國家公園對入山人數有嚴格的限制，想登山的人必須先上網申請，再通過抽籤決定。由於名額有限，有些人申請了好幾次才抽中。 一般來說，登玉山需要兩天的時間。第一天從登山口出發，走大約八點五公里的山路，到達排雲山莊休息；第二天凌晨兩三點起床，摸黑登上主峰看日出，然後下山。登山專家提醒，玉山海拔很高，登山者可能出現頭痛、噁心等「高山症」的症狀，因此出發前一定要做好體能訓練，路上也要放慢腳步。

Yushan is Taiwan's highest mountain: its main peak stands at 3,952 metres, the highest in north-east Asia. Under Japanese rule, because it was higher than Mount Fuji, it was called "Niitakayama" (New High Mountain). The name Yushan (Jade Mountain) is said to come from how its snowy summit looks like white jade from afar in winter. Today climbing the main peak is a lifetime goal for many Taiwanese. But to protect the environment and climbers' safety, the national park strictly limits numbers: you must apply online and places are decided by lottery, so some people apply several times before they win one. The climb usually takes two days. On the first you walk about 8.5 kilometres from the trailhead to the Paiyun Lodge to rest; on the second you get up at two or three in the morning, climb to the peak in the dark to see the sunrise, then come down. Experts warn that at such altitude climbers may get headaches, nausea and other symptoms of altitude sickness, so train before you go and take it slowly.

第 6 段　Taiwan officially recognises sixteen Indigenous peoples, about six hundred thousand people or roughly 2.5 per cent of the population. The largest are the Amis, who live mainly around Hualien and Taitung. Every July and August each Amis village holds a harvest festival to thank the ancestors and spirits for a good harvest. It usually lasts several days: people wear traditional dress, join hands in a great circle, and sing and dance. In the past the festival was also an important occasion for young men to be trained and learn to become adults. In recent years it has drawn many visitors from elsewhere. Some see this as a good chance for more people to understand Indigenous culture; others worry that treated as a tourist show, the festival will lose its meaning. So many villages now require visitors to respect their taboos — certain rites may not be photographed, and you may not wander into the dancing circle.

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旁白在台灣，政府正式承認的原住民族一共有十六族，人口約六十萬人，大約占全台灣人口的百分之二點五。其中人數最多的是阿美族，主要居住在花蓮和台東一帶。 每年七、八月，阿美族的各個部落都會舉行「豐年祭」，感謝祖先和神靈帶來豐收。豐年祭通常持續好幾天，族人會穿上傳統服裝，手拉著手圍成一個大圓圈，一邊唱歌，一邊跳舞。在過去，豐年祭也是部落裡年輕男子接受訓練、學習成為大人的重要場合。 近年來，豐年祭吸引了不少外地遊客前來參觀。有些族人認為，這是讓更多人了解原住民文化的好機會；但也有人擔心，祭典被當作觀光表演，會失去原本的意義。因此，許多部落開始規定，遊客參觀時必須遵守部落的禁忌，例如某些儀式不能拍照，也不能隨便進入跳舞的圓圈。

Taiwan officially recognises sixteen Indigenous peoples, about six hundred thousand people or roughly 2.5 per cent of the population. The largest are the Amis, who live mainly around Hualien and Taitung. Every July and August each Amis village holds a harvest festival to thank the ancestors and spirits for a good harvest. It usually lasts several days: people wear traditional dress, join hands in a great circle, and sing and dance. In the past the festival was also an important occasion for young men to be trained and learn to become adults. In recent years it has drawn many visitors from elsewhere. Some see this as a good chance for more people to understand Indigenous culture; others worry that treated as a tourist show, the festival will lose its meaning. So many villages now require visitors to respect their taboos — certain rites may not be photographed, and you may not wander into the dancing circle.

第 7 段　When it comes to Taiwan's farm produce, people think of tea and fruit; few know Taiwan grows coffee too, and has for over a century. In the late nineteenth century the British brought coffee trees to Taiwan. Under Japanese rule coffee was planted widely, then declined with war and changing markets. Only in the early twenty-first century did Taiwanese coffee win attention again: Alishan in Chiayi, Dongshan in Tainan and Gukeng in Yunlin became well-known growing areas. In recent years Taiwanese beans have repeatedly won international awards, and some sell for over ten thousand dollars a kilo. Taiwanese coffee is expensive partly because output is small and partly because labour costs are high: most is grown on hillsides and picked entirely by hand, ripe cherries chosen one by one. Farmers say that hard as it is, seeing their coffee win international recognition makes it all worthwhile.

逐字稿（聽完再看）

旁白說到台灣的農產品，很多人會想到茶葉和水果，卻很少人知道，台灣也種咖啡，而且已經有一百多年的歷史。早在十九世紀末，就有英國人把咖啡樹引進台灣。日本統治時期，咖啡曾經大量種植，後來因為戰爭和市場變化而逐漸沒落。 直到二十一世紀初，台灣咖啡才重新受到重視。嘉義的阿里山、台南的東山、雲林的古坑，都成了有名的咖啡產區。近年來，台灣的咖啡豆在國際比賽中多次獲獎，有些豆子一公斤的價格甚至高達上萬元。 台灣咖啡之所以價格高，一方面是因為產量少，另一方面是因為人工成本高。台灣的咖啡大多種在山坡上，採收全靠人工，一顆一顆地挑選成熟的果實。農民說，雖然辛苦，但看到自己種的咖啡得到國際肯定，一切都值得。

When it comes to Taiwan's farm produce, people think of tea and fruit; few know Taiwan grows coffee too, and has for over a century. In the late nineteenth century the British brought coffee trees to Taiwan. Under Japanese rule coffee was planted widely, then declined with war and changing markets. Only in the early twenty-first century did Taiwanese coffee win attention again: Alishan in Chiayi, Dongshan in Tainan and Gukeng in Yunlin became well-known growing areas. In recent years Taiwanese beans have repeatedly won international awards, and some sell for over ten thousand dollars a kilo. Taiwanese coffee is expensive partly because output is small and partly because labour costs are high: most is grown on hillsides and picked entirely by hand, ripe cherries chosen one by one. Farmers say that hard as it is, seeing their coffee win international recognition makes it all worthwhile.