not … until・Not until … did …
not … until：直到…才…
not … until — English grammar, senior high
接續
主詞 ＋ 否定 ＋ 動詞 ＋ until ＋ 時間／子句・Not until ＋ 時間／子句 ＋ 助動詞 ＋ 主詞 ＋ 動詞（倒裝）
subject + negative verb + until + time / clause · Not until + time / clause + auxiliary + subject + verb (inverted)
說明
英文說「直到…才…」要用否定：I didn't go to bed until midnight.（我直到半夜才睡。）Not until 放句首時，主句要倒裝：Not until midnight did I go to bed.
English says “didn't … until”: I didn't go to bed until midnight. With Not until at the front, invert the main clause: Not until midnight did I go to bed.
注意事項
- 也可以說 It was not until midnight that I went to bed.（強調句）Also: It was not until midnight that I went to bed (a cleft).
常見錯誤
- ✗ I went to bed until midnight.
✓ I didn't go to bed until midnight.
「直到…才」要用否定 didn't … until。“Not until” needs didn't … until. - ✗ Not until he left I noticed the gift.
✓ Not until he left did I notice the gift.
Not until 在句首，主句要倒裝。Not until at the front needs inversion.
例句
She didn't start learning English until she was twenty.
她直到二十歲才開始學英文。
Not until I lost it did I realize how much I loved it.
直到失去了，我才發現自己有多喜歡它。
The store won't open until ten.
那家店要到十點才開。
練習
在 Hanabiの小天地 聽例句的錄音、做 3 題練習，答對 2/3 就算學會，進度會記下來。
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