had ＋ p.p.

過去完成式

The past perfect — English grammar, senior high

接續

說明

說「過去某個時間點之前已經發生」的事：When I got to the station, the train had already left.（我到車站時，火車已經開走了。）先發生的用過去完成式，後發生的用過去式。

For something that happened before another past moment: When I got to the station, the train had already left. The earlier event takes the past perfect, the later one the past simple.

注意事項

• 有 before、after 讓順序很清楚時，也可以兩個都用過去式。
  With before or after making the order clear, the past simple is also fine for both.

常見錯誤

• ✗ I had visited Tokyo last year.
  ✓ I visited Tokyo last year.
  只有一件過去的事、沒有更早的參考點，用過去式就好。
  With just one past event and no earlier reference point, use the past simple.
• ✗ She told me she has lost her key.
  ✓ She told me she had lost her key.
  比「告訴我」更早發生，用 had lost。
  It happened before she told me: had lost.

例句

練習

在 Hanabiの小天地 聽例句的錄音、做 3 題練習，答對 2/3 就算學會，進度會記下來。