中文 HSK 6（大陸版） 聽力練習 第 1 回

第 1 段　Many think coffee keeps you awake. In fact its effect on sleep differs from person to person: some drink a cup in the evening and still sleep well; others have one in the afternoon and can't sleep at night. Experts suggest people sensitive to coffee stop drinking it after noon.

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旁白很多人认为，喝咖啡会让人睡不着觉。其实，咖啡对睡眠的影响因人而不同。有的人晚上喝一杯咖啡，也能睡得很好；有的人下午喝了一杯，晚上就睡不着了。专家建议，对咖啡比较敏感的人，最好中午以后就不要再喝了。

Many think coffee keeps you awake. In fact its effect on sleep differs from person to person: some drink a cup in the evening and still sleep well; others have one in the afternoon and can't sleep at night. Experts suggest people sensitive to coffee stop drinking it after noon.

第 2 段　The idiom 对牛弹琴, "playing the lute to a cow", originally meant playing music to a cow, which can't understand it at all. Later people used it for speaking without regard to your audience — reasoning with someone who doesn't understand reason.

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旁白成语“对牛弹琴”原来的意思是，对着牛弹琴，牛根本听不懂。后来，人们用这个成语比喻说话不看对象，对不懂道理的人讲道理。

The idiom 对牛弹琴, "playing the lute to a cow", originally meant playing music to a cow, which can't understand it at all. Later people used it for speaking without regard to your audience — reasoning with someone who doesn't understand reason.

第 3 段　Many young people are used to buying groceries online. One grocery app's data show that nine to eleven at night is when young people order most. It turns out many are too busy at work in the day and only have time in the evening to plan the next day's meals.

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旁白很多年轻人习惯在网上买菜。一个买菜软件的数据显示，晚上九点到十一点，是年轻人下单最多的时间。原来，很多年轻人白天工作太忙，只有晚上才有时间安排第二天的饭菜。

Many young people are used to buying groceries online. One grocery app's data show that nine to eleven at night is when young people order most. It turns out many are too busy at work in the day and only have time in the evening to plan the next day's meals.

第 4 段　Giant pandas look clumsy but are excellent climbers. In the wild, when in danger, they often climb quickly into a tree to hide. A few months after birth, cubs begin learning to climb from their mothers.

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旁白大熊猫看起来很笨，其实爬树的本领非常大。生活在野外的大熊猫遇到危险时，常常会迅速爬到树上躲起来。大熊猫宝宝出生几个月后，就开始跟着妈妈学爬树了。

Giant pandas look clumsy but are excellent climbers. In the wild, when in danger, they often climb quickly into a tree to hide. A few months after birth, cubs begin learning to climb from their mothers.

第 5 段　Research finds that working in total silence isn't necessarily most efficient. Moderate background sound — like people talking quietly in a café — can actually make people more creative. But if it's too loud, you can't concentrate.

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旁白研究发现，在非常安静的环境里工作，效率不一定最高。适当的背景声音，比如咖啡馆里人们小声说话的声音，反而能让人更有创造力。不过，如果声音太大，就会让人无法集中注意力。

Research finds that working in total silence isn't necessarily most efficient. Moderate background sound — like people talking quietly in a café — can actually make people more creative. But if it's too loud, you can't concentrate.

第 6 段　Every June is graduation season for Chinese university students. All over campus you see students photographed in graduation gowns. For them these photos record happy university years and also mark the start of a new stage of life.

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旁白每年六月，是中国大学生毕业的季节。在校园里，到处都能看到穿着毕业服拍照的学生。对他们来说，这些照片不仅记录了美好的大学时光，也代表着人生一个新阶段的开始。

Every June is graduation season for Chinese university students. All over campus you see students photographed in graduation gowns. For them these photos record happy university years and also mark the start of a new stage of life.

第 7 段　A survey shows that over half of people care most about local food, not sights, when travelling. Many say eating authentic local snacks is the most direct way to get to know a place.

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旁白一项调查显示，超过一半的人在旅行时最关心的不是景点，而是当地的美食。很多人表示，吃到地道的当地小吃，是了解一个地方最直接的方式。

A survey shows that over half of people care most about local food, not sights, when travelling. Many say eating authentic local snacks is the most direct way to get to know a place.

第 8 段　China is one of the first countries in the world to grow rice. Scientists found rice over seven thousand years old in Zhejiang, showing that people living there were already growing rice back then.

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旁白中国是世界上最早种植水稻的国家之一。科学家在浙江发现了七千多年前的大米，这说明，早在那个时候，生活在那里的人就已经开始种水稻了。

China is one of the first countries in the world to grow rice. Scientists found rice over seven thousand years old in Zhejiang, showing that people living there were already growing rice back then.

第 9 段　In recent years many cities have seen a new kind of public space: the "city study". Usually set up in neighbourhoods, parks or shopping centres, they're small but quiet and brightly lit, with thousands of books, and residents can go in to read and study for free. Compared with traditional libraries they have several clear features: first, they're closer to home — a walk of ten-odd minutes; second, many are open 24 hours, so you can go after work; and borrowing and returning are done yourself at machines. City studies have made reading an everyday thing: some prepare for exams there, some quietly read a novel, and parents bring their children to read together. Experts think they not only serve residents but help more people get into the habit of reading.

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旁白近年来，很多城市出现了一种新的公共空间——“城市书房”。它们一般开在社区、公园或者商场里，面积不大，却环境安静、灯光明亮，放着几千本图书，市民可以免费进去看书、学习。 和传统的图书馆相比，城市书房有几个明显的特点。首先，它们离居民的家更近，走路十几分钟就能到。其次，很多城市书房二十四小时开放，晚上下班以后也能去。另外，借书、还书都可以自己用机器完成，非常方便。 城市书房的出现，让读书变成了一件很平常的事。有人在这里准备考试，有人在这里安静地读一本小说，还有家长带着孩子来这里一起看书。有专家认为，城市书房不仅方便了市民，也有助于让更多的人养成爱读书的习惯。

In recent years many cities have seen a new kind of public space: the "city study". Usually set up in neighbourhoods, parks or shopping centres, they're small but quiet and brightly lit, with thousands of books, and residents can go in to read and study for free. Compared with traditional libraries they have several clear features: first, they're closer to home — a walk of ten-odd minutes; second, many are open 24 hours, so you can go after work; and borrowing and returning are done yourself at machines. City studies have made reading an everyday thing: some prepare for exams there, some quietly read a novel, and parents bring their children to read together. Experts think they not only serve residents but help more people get into the habit of reading.

第 10 段　Have you ever been exhausted yet unable to sleep, your mind going over the day's events? This has a lot to do with your habits before bed. Experts point out that many people look at their phones before sleep, and the light from the screen affects the brain, making it harder to fall asleep. Eating too much, drinking strong tea or doing hard exercise before bed also hurts sleep quality. So how can you sleep well? Experts suggest putting the phone down an hour before bed, taking a hot bath or listening to relaxing music so body and brain slowly unwind. One more important thing: go to bed and get up at the same time every day, weekends included. Over time your body forms a fixed rhythm, and you'll naturally feel sleepy at the right time.

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旁白你有没有过这样的经历：明明很累，躺在床上却怎么也睡不着，脑子里不停地想着白天发生的事情。其实，这种情况和睡前的习惯有很大关系。 专家指出，很多人睡前喜欢看手机，而手机屏幕发出的光会影响大脑，让人更难入睡。另外，睡前吃得太饱、喝浓茶或者做剧烈运动，也会影响睡眠质量。 那么，怎样才能睡个好觉呢？专家建议，睡前一个小时最好放下手机，可以洗个热水澡，或者听一些轻松的音乐，让身体和大脑慢慢放松下来。还有一点很重要：每天尽量在同一时间睡觉和起床，即使是周末也不要例外。时间长了，身体就会形成固定的规律，到了时间自然就困了。

Have you ever been exhausted yet unable to sleep, your mind going over the day's events? This has a lot to do with your habits before bed. Experts point out that many people look at their phones before sleep, and the light from the screen affects the brain, making it harder to fall asleep. Eating too much, drinking strong tea or doing hard exercise before bed also hurts sleep quality. So how can you sleep well? Experts suggest putting the phone down an hour before bed, taking a hot bath or listening to relaxing music so body and brain slowly unwind. One more important thing: go to bed and get up at the same time every day, weekends included. Over time your body forms a fixed rhythm, and you'll naturally feel sleepy at the right time.

第 11 段　In some big Chinese cities a new job has appeared: the "hospital companion". Their work is to accompany people who find it hard to go to hospital alone — elderly people, young people working away from home and so on. A hospital visit usually involves many steps — registering, queuing, tests, collecting medicine — and for some old people even finding the right place in the hospital is hard. Companions book appointments in advance, stay beside the patient during the visit, note down what the doctor says, and afterwards explain the points to note to the patient and family. The job is welcomed by many families, especially old people whose children are far away. But it faces problems: there's no unified service standard yet, and fees vary widely. Experts suggest the authorities issue regulations soon so the industry develops healthily.

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旁白在中国的一些大城市，出现了一种新的职业——“陪诊师”。他们的工作，是陪那些不方便一个人去医院的人看病，比如年纪大的老人、在外地工作的年轻人等。 去医院看病，往往需要挂号、排队、检查、取药等很多步骤，对一些老人来说，光是在医院里找到要去的地方就很难。陪诊师会提前帮病人预约，看病时陪在旁边，帮忙记下医生说的话，看完病后再把注意事项告诉病人和家属。 陪诊师这个职业受到了很多家庭的欢迎，特别是子女不在身边的老人。不过，这个新职业也面临一些问题，比如目前还没有统一的服务标准，收费也高低不一。有专家建议，有关部门应当尽快制定相关规定，让这个行业健康发展。

In some big Chinese cities a new job has appeared: the "hospital companion". Their work is to accompany people who find it hard to go to hospital alone — elderly people, young people working away from home and so on. A hospital visit usually involves many steps — registering, queuing, tests, collecting medicine — and for some old people even finding the right place in the hospital is hard. Companions book appointments in advance, stay beside the patient during the visit, note down what the doctor says, and afterwards explain the points to note to the patient and family. The job is welcomed by many families, especially old people whose children are far away. But it faces problems: there's no unified service standard yet, and fees vary widely. Experts suggest the authorities issue regulations soon so the industry develops healthily.

第 12 段　Playing on the beach, you may have picked up round pieces of glass with very smooth surfaces. They're called "sea glass". You may not expect it, but these pretty "gems" come from rubbish people threw into the sea. Years ago people often threw glass bottles and cups straight into the sea. Tossed about by the waves and rubbing against sand and stones for decades or even a century, the sharp edges slowly became rounded and the surface looked as if polished. Today sea glass is something many people like to collect; some make necklaces, earrings and other small ornaments from it. But as environmental awareness rises, fewer people throw glass into the sea, and since many bottles are now plastic, sea glass is becoming ever rarer.

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旁白在海边玩儿的时候，你可能捡到过一些圆圆的、表面很平的玻璃。它们被称为“海玻璃”。你也许想不到，这些漂亮的“小石头”，其实来自人们扔进大海的垃圾。 很多年前，人们常常把玻璃瓶、玻璃杯直接扔进大海。这些玻璃在海水里被不停地冲来冲去，和沙子、石头碰来碰去，经过几十年甚至上百年，原本很容易伤人的边角慢慢变得圆圆的，表面也变得很平。 如今，海玻璃成了很多人喜欢收集的东西，有人还用它们做成项链、耳环等漂亮的小东西。不过，随着人们环保意识的提高，往海里扔玻璃的人越来越少，再加上现在很多瓶子都是塑料做的，海玻璃也变得越来越少见了。

Playing on the beach, you may have picked up round pieces of glass with very smooth surfaces. They're called "sea glass". You may not expect it, but these pretty "gems" come from rubbish people threw into the sea. Years ago people often threw glass bottles and cups straight into the sea. Tossed about by the waves and rubbing against sand and stones for decades or even a century, the sharp edges slowly became rounded and the surface looked as if polished. Today sea glass is something many people like to collect; some make necklaces, earrings and other small ornaments from it. But as environmental awareness rises, fewer people throw glass into the sea, and since many bottles are now plastic, sea glass is becoming ever rarer.

第 13 段　When chatting online, many people like to use cute or funny pictures to show their mood: "stickers". A smiling face or a winking kitten often expresses what you mean more precisely than a long paragraph. Why are they so popular? Research suggests that face to face we read others' emotions from their expressions and voices, but online, text alone easily leads to misunderstanding. Stickers make up for this, making online exchanges more relaxed and more human. But people of different ages sometimes understand the same sticker differently: a "smile", for example, seems friendly to older people, while some young people take it to mean "I don't want to chat any more". So be careful with stickers when chatting with elders or people you don't know well.

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旁白在网上聊天时，很多人喜欢用一些可爱或者有趣的图片来表达自己的心情，这些图片被称为“表情包”。一个笑脸、一只笑着的小猫，往往比一大段文字更能准确地表达说话人的意思。 表情包为什么这么受欢迎？有研究认为，面对面说话的时候，人们可以通过对方的表情、声音来理解对方的情绪；而在网上，只看文字很容易产生误会。表情包正好弥补了这个不足，让网上的交流变得更轻松、更温暖。 不过，不同年龄的人对同一个表情包的理解，有时并不一样。比如，一个“微笑”的表情，年纪大的人觉得是友好，有些年轻人却认为它有“不想再聊了”的意思。所以，和长辈或者不太熟悉的人聊天时，使用表情包最好小心一些。

When chatting online, many people like to use cute or funny pictures to show their mood: "stickers". A smiling face or a winking kitten often expresses what you mean more precisely than a long paragraph. Why are they so popular? Research suggests that face to face we read others' emotions from their expressions and voices, but online, text alone easily leads to misunderstanding. Stickers make up for this, making online exchanges more relaxed and more human. But people of different ages sometimes understand the same sticker differently: a "smile", for example, seems friendly to older people, while some young people take it to mean "I don't want to chat any more". So be careful with stickers when chatting with elders or people you don't know well.

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女李师傅，您做面点已经三十多年了，当初为什么会选择这个工作？

Master Li, you've made dough foods for over thirty years. Why did you choose this trade?

男我家里三代人都是做面点的。小时候我常常在厨房里看父亲做面、包包子，觉得特别有意思。十六岁那年，我就正式跟着父亲学技术了。

Three generations of my family made dough foods. As a child I often watched my father knead dough and make buns in the kitchen and found it fascinating. At sixteen I formally started learning the craft from him.

女听说您做的包子特别有名，有什么特别的方法吗？

I hear your buns are famous. What's the secret?

男其实没什么特别的方法，就是用心。面要做够时间，里面的肉和菜要用当天买的新鲜的，每一个包子都要包得一样大、一样漂亮。很多年轻人觉得这些细节不重要，可是味道往往就差在这些地方。

There's no real secret — just care. Knead the dough long enough, use fresh meat and vegetables bought that day for the filling, and give every bun eighteen pleats. Many young people think such details don't matter, but that's exactly where the taste is lost.

女现在很多人更喜欢吃西式点心，您担心传统面点会没人喜欢吗？

Many people now prefer Western pastries. Do you worry traditional dough foods will be neglected?

男有一点儿担心，但我觉得关键还是要创新。这两年，我们推出了一些新口味，还做了小动物形状的包子，很受孩子们欢迎。传统不是不能改变的，要让年轻人喜欢，才能真正传下去。

A little, but I think the key is innovation. In the last two years we've launched some new flavours and made buns shaped like little animals, which children love. Tradition isn't fixed; only if young people like it can it really be passed on.

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男王女士，您开发的这个帮老人用手机的软件，最近在网上很受关注。您当初是怎么想到做这个的？

Ms Wang, the app you developed to help old people use phones has drawn a lot of attention online. How did you come up with it?

女是因为我母亲。她一个人住在老家，每次打视频电话，都要我在电话里一步一步地教她怎么操作，常常教了半天她还是不会。我就想，能不能做一个更简单的软件，让老人一看就懂。

Because of my mother. She lives alone back home, and every video call I had to teach her step by step how to work it, often for ages without success. So I wondered whether I could make a simpler app that old people would understand at a glance.

男这个软件和普通的软件比，有什么不同？

How is it different from ordinary apps?

女最大的不同是简单。字很大，要点的地方很少，最常用的功能，比如打电话、看天气，打开就能看到。另外，孩子还可以在自己的手机上远程帮父母设置，不用再在电话里一句一句地教了。

The biggest difference is simplicity: big text, few buttons, and the most-used functions, like calling and the weather, right there when you open it. Children can also set things up for their parents remotely on their own phones, instead of explaining sentence by sentence over the phone.

男在开发的过程中，遇到过什么困难吗？

Did you meet difficulties during development?

女最难的是了解老人真正的需要。一开始，我们以为功能越多越好，后来去社区找了一百多位老人试用，才发现他们最需要的其实只有几个功能。所以我们删掉了一大半，没想到反而更受欢迎了。

The hardest part was learning what old people really need. At first we thought more functions were better; then we had over a hundred old people in a community try it and found they really needed only a few. So we cut more than half, and unexpectedly it became more popular.

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女张教练，您带的队员这次在全国比赛中拿了冠军，祝贺您！您觉得他们成功的原因是什么？

Coach Zhang, your team won the national championship — congratulations! What do you think led to their success?

男谢谢！我觉得最重要的是团队精神。我们队里没有特别有名的选手，但每个人都愿意为别人跑、为别人努力。比赛最困难的时候，大家互相鼓励，没有一个人放弃。

Thank you! I think the most important thing is team spirit. We have no especially famous players, but everyone is willing to run and defend for the others. At the hardest moments of the match everyone encouraged each other and nobody gave up.

女听说您在训练中特别重视队员的文化学习，这是为什么？

I hear you put special weight on your players' schoolwork. Why?

男因为他们都还是学生。运动员能参加比赛的时间很短，大多数人将来都要做别的工作。我常跟他们说，球可以踢不好，但书一定要读好。现在队里有一半的队员都考上了不错的大学。

Because they're still students. An athlete's career is short and most will do other work later. I often tell them: you can play badly, but you must study well. Now half the team have got into good universities.

女对于想走职业道路的孩子，您有什么建议？

What advice do you have for children who want a professional career?

男首先要真正喜欢这项运动，因为训练非常辛苦，只有喜欢才能坚持下去。其次，要学会面对失败。在球场上，输球是常有的事，重要的是从失败中学到东西。

First, you must truly love the sport, because training is very hard and only love keeps you going. Second, learn to face failure: losing is common on the pitch; what matters is learning from it.