中文 HSK 6（大陸版） 聽力練習 第 2 回

第 1 段　Recently the metro in some cities has introduced "quiet carriages". In them, passengers must turn down the sound when phoning or watching videos, or wear earphones. Many passengers say these carriages let them rest quietly for a while on the way to and from work.

逐字稿（聽完再看）

旁白最近，一些城市的地铁开设了“安静车厢”。在这些车厢里，乘客打电话、看视频时要把声音调小，或者戴上耳机。不少乘客表示，这样的车厢让他们在上下班的路上能安静地休息一会儿。

Recently the metro in some cities has introduced "quiet carriages". In them, passengers must turn down the sound when phoning or watching videos, or wear earphones. Many passengers say these carriages let them rest quietly for a while on the way to and from work.

第 2 段　Many people put all their food in the fridge, thinking it keeps longer. In fact some foods aren't suited to the fridge — bananas and bread, for example — and in the fridge they actually go off faster and taste worse.

逐字稿（聽完再看）

旁白很多人习惯把所有的食物都放进冰箱，认为这样可以保存得更久。其实，有些食物并不适合放进冰箱，比如香蕉、面包等，放进冰箱以后，反而会坏得更快，味道也会变差。

Many people put all their food in the fridge, thinking it keeps longer. In fact some foods aren't suited to the fridge — bananas and bread, for example — and in the fridge they actually go off faster and taste worse.

第 3 段　China is vast, and its regional dialects differ greatly; sometimes people from two places chatting in dialect can hardly understand each other. To make communication easier the state promotes Putonghua, and now most people can understand and speak it.

逐字稿（聽完再看）

旁白中国地方很大，各地的方言差别也很大。有时候，两个地方的人用方言聊天，几乎听不懂对方在说什么。为了方便交流，国家推广普通话，现在大部分人都能听懂和说普通话。

China is vast, and its regional dialects differ greatly; sometimes people from two places chatting in dialect can hardly understand each other. To make communication easier the state promotes Putonghua, and now most people can understand and speak it.

第 4 段　Runners must choose suitable running shoes; shoes too big or too small can hurt your feet. Experts suggest buying them in the afternoon or evening, because then your feet are slightly bigger than in the morning.

逐字稿（聽完再看）

旁白跑步的人一定要选一双合适的跑步鞋。鞋太大或者太小，都可能让脚受伤。专家建议，买跑步鞋最好在下午或者晚上去，因为这个时候人的脚会比早上稍微大一点儿。

Runners must choose suitable running shoes; shoes too big or too small can hurt your feet. Experts suggest buying them in the afternoon or evening, because then your feet are slightly bigger than in the morning.

第 5 段　In an age when everyone sends messages by phone, a handwritten card seems all the more precious. Many say receiving a birthday card a friend wrote themselves is far more moving than a text message of good wishes.

逐字稿（聽完再看）

旁白在这个人人都用手机发消息的时代，一张自己手写的卡片显得更加珍贵。很多人表示，收到朋友自己写的生日卡片，比收到一条祝福短信要感动得多。

In an age when everyone sends messages by phone, a handwritten card seems all the more precious. Many say receiving a birthday card a friend wrote themselves is far more moving than a text message of good wishes.

第 6 段　Giraffes are among the animals that sleep least. In the wild they usually sleep only about two hours a day, often standing up and only a few minutes at a time, so that they can run away at once if danger comes.

逐字稿（聽完再看）

旁白长颈鹿是睡觉时间最短的动物之一。在野外，长颈鹿每天一般只睡两个小时左右，而且常常是站着睡，每次只睡几分钟。这样，一旦遇到危险，它们就能马上逃跑。

Giraffes are among the animals that sleep least. In the wild they usually sleep only about two hours a day, often standing up and only a few minutes at a time, so that they can run away at once if danger comes.

第 7 段　Every year huge amounts of old clothes are thrown away. In fact many can still be used: newer ones can go to people who need them, and older ones can be processed and made into other things.

逐字稿（聽完再看）

旁白每年都有大量的旧衣服被扔掉。其实，很多旧衣服还可以继续利用：比较新的可以送给需要的人，比较旧的可以经过处理，重新做成别的东西。

Every year huge amounts of old clothes are thrown away. In fact many can still be used: newer ones can go to people who need them, and older ones can be processed and made into other things.

第 8 段　Nutrition experts consider breakfast the most important meal of the day. Skip it and you easily feel hungry and listless in the morning, and your efficiency at work and study falls; skipping it for a long time may also harm your health.

逐字稿（聽完再看）

旁白营养专家认为，早餐是一天中最重要的一顿饭。不吃早餐，上午很容易感到饿、没精神，工作和学习的效率都会下降。长期不吃早餐，还可能影响身体健康。

Nutrition experts consider breakfast the most important meal of the day. Skip it and you easily feel hungry and listless in the morning, and your efficiency at work and study falls; skipping it for a long time may also harm your health.

第 9 段　Shadow puppetry is an ancient Chinese folk art over two thousand years old. Performers stand behind a white cloth and use a lamp to cast figures made of paper or leather onto it, moving them while adding music and song to tell all kinds of stories. In the past, without films or television, shadow plays were many people's favourite entertainment: at festivals or when farmers weren't busy, troupes travelled from village to village, often drawing big crowds. But as modern entertainment multiplied, audiences and performers both dwindled. To protect the art, some performers go into schools to teach children to make and perform the puppets; others combine shadow plays with animation and post short videos online, attracting many young viewers.

逐字稿（聽完再看）

旁白皮影戏是中国一种古老的民间艺术，已经有两千多年的历史。表演时，表演的人在一块白布后面，用灯光把用纸或者牛皮做成的人物照在布上，一边移动这些人物，一边配上音乐和唱歌，讲各种各样的故事。 过去，没有电影和电视，看皮影戏是很多人最喜欢的娱乐活动。每到节日或者农民不忙的时候，表演皮影戏的人就会到各个村子里演出，常常吸引很多人来看。 但是，随着现代的娱乐方式越来越多，看皮影戏的人越来越少，会表演的人也越来越少了。为了保护这门艺术，一些表演者走进学校，教孩子们制作和表演皮影；还有的把皮影戏和动画结合起来，在网上发布短视频，吸引了不少年轻观众。

Shadow puppetry is an ancient Chinese folk art over two thousand years old. Performers stand behind a white cloth and use a lamp to cast figures made of paper or leather onto it, moving them while adding music and song to tell all kinds of stories. In the past, without films or television, shadow plays were many people's favourite entertainment: at festivals or when farmers weren't busy, troupes travelled from village to village, often drawing big crowds. But as modern entertainment multiplied, audiences and performers both dwindled. To protect the art, some performers go into schools to teach children to make and perform the puppets; others combine shadow plays with animation and post short videos online, attracting many young viewers.

第 10 段　Every winter lots of people catch colds. Many think it's because the cold makes you chill easily. In fact there are other reasons. First, in winter people stay indoors with doors and windows shut tight; the air doesn't circulate, so viruses spread easily between people. Second, winter air is dry, which can damage the nose's ability to protect itself, letting viruses in more easily. Also, people get less sun in winter, and the body's defences weaken. So how can you catch fewer colds? Experts suggest opening windows often for fresh air, drinking plenty of water so your nose doesn't dry out, exercising outdoors in moderation and getting more sun. Washing your hands often is another good way to prevent colds.

逐字稿（聽完再看）

旁白每到冬天，感冒的人总是特别多。很多人认为，这是因为天气冷，人容易着凉。其实，冬天容易感冒，还有一些别的原因。 首先，冬天人们常常待在房间里，门窗关得很紧，空气不流通，病毒就容易在人和人之间传播。其次，冬天空气干燥，鼻子的保护能力容易受到损害，病毒更容易进入身体。另外，冬天人们晒太阳少，身体保护自己的能力也会下降。 那么，冬天怎样才能少感冒呢？专家建议：经常开窗通风，让新鲜空气进来；多喝水，不要让鼻子太干；适当地到外面运动，多晒晒太阳。另外，经常洗手也是预防感冒的好办法。

Every winter lots of people catch colds. Many think it's because the cold makes you chill easily. In fact there are other reasons. First, in winter people stay indoors with doors and windows shut tight; the air doesn't circulate, so viruses spread easily between people. Second, winter air is dry, which can damage the nose's ability to protect itself, letting viruses in more easily. Also, people get less sun in winter, and the body's defences weaken. So how can you catch fewer colds? Experts suggest opening windows often for fresh air, drinking plenty of water so your nose doesn't dry out, exercising outdoors in moderation and getting more sun. Washing your hands often is another good way to prevent colds.

第 11 段　In recent years a kind of travel called "micro-holidays" has become more and more popular: using a weekend or a day or two off for a short trip somewhere not far from home. Compared with long trips it has many advantages: no need for days of leave, little expense; short travel time, so it isn't tiring; you can go on a whim without much preparation. Many office workers leave after work on Friday and come back on Sunday evening, relaxing without affecting work. Its popularity has brought more visitors to villages and small towns around cities; many places offer fruit picking, vegetable growing and so on to attract city people. But some visitors say services and facilities in some places haven't kept up and need further improvement.

逐字稿（聽完再看）

旁白这几年，一种叫“微度假”的旅行方式越来越受欢迎。“微度假”指的是利用周末或者一两天的假期，去离家不远的地方短途旅行。 和长途旅行相比，微度假有很多优点：不用请很多天假，花费也不多；路上的时间短，不会太累；说走就走，不需要做太多准备。很多上班族星期五下班后出发，星期天晚上回来，既放松了心情，又不影响工作。 微度假的流行，也让城市周边的农村、小镇迎来了更多的游客。很多地方开发了摘水果、种菜等项目，吸引城里人前来体验。不过，也有游客反映，有些地方的服务和设施还跟不上，需要进一步改善。

In recent years a kind of travel called "micro-holidays" has become more and more popular: using a weekend or a day or two off for a short trip somewhere not far from home. Compared with long trips it has many advantages: no need for days of leave, little expense; short travel time, so it isn't tiring; you can go on a whim without much preparation. Many office workers leave after work on Friday and come back on Sunday evening, relaxing without affecting work. Its popularity has brought more visitors to villages and small towns around cities; many places offer fruit picking, vegetable growing and so on to attract city people. But some visitors say services and facilities in some places haven't kept up and need further improvement.

第 12 段　In some marathons you may see runners like this: two people holding the same strap, running forward together. One is a blind runner; the other is a "guide runner" leading the way. The guide's job isn't simple: they must keep the same pace as the blind runner and constantly warn of the road ahead — "turn coming up", "careful, a step" — and if they don't coordinate well, it's easy to fall. So before a race they practise together for a long time to get used to each other. Many guides are volunteers. One said, "At first I thought I was helping him. Later I found it was his courage and persistence encouraging me." Through such cooperation more and more blind people have left their homes to enjoy the pleasure of running.

逐字稿（聽完再看）

旁白在一些马拉松比赛中，你也许会看到这样的选手：两个人手里拉着同一根带子，一起向前跑。其中一位是看不见的盲人跑者，另一位是为他引路的“陪跑员”。 陪跑员的工作并不简单。他们不仅要和盲人跑者保持同样的速度，还要随时提醒对方前面的路况，比如“前面要转弯了”“小心台阶”等。如果两个人配合得不好，就很容易摔倒。所以，比赛前，他们要一起练习很长时间，互相熟悉。 很多陪跑员都是志愿者。一位陪跑员说：“刚开始，我以为是我在帮助他。后来我发现，是他的勇敢和坚持在鼓励我。”通过这样的合作，越来越多的盲人走出了家门，享受跑步带来的快乐。

In some marathons you may see runners like this: two people holding the same strap, running forward together. One is a blind runner; the other is a "guide runner" leading the way. The guide's job isn't simple: they must keep the same pace as the blind runner and constantly warn of the road ahead — "turn coming up", "careful, a step" — and if they don't coordinate well, it's easy to fall. So before a race they practise together for a long time to get used to each other. Many guides are volunteers. One said, "At first I thought I was helping him. Later I found it was his courage and persistence encouraging me." Through such cooperation more and more blind people have left their homes to enjoy the pleasure of running.

第 13 段　Many people feel this way: busy all day, yet at the end of it not one important thing is done. How can you manage time better? One simple method is the "Pomodoro technique": work twenty-five minutes, then rest five — one "tomato". In those twenty-five minutes do only one thing: no phone, no replying to messages. After four tomatoes you can take a longer break. Many who try it find it helps them concentrate and procrastinate less. But some feel twenty-five minutes is too short — just as they get going they must stop. Experts think the length can be adjusted to suit you; the key is finding your own rhythm.

逐字稿（聽完再看）

旁白很多人都有这样的感觉：每天忙忙碌碌，可是一天结束时，却发现重要的事情一件也没做完。怎样才能更好地管理时间呢？ 有一种简单的方法，叫“番茄工作法”：工作二十五分钟，然后休息五分钟，这样算一个“番茄时间”。在这二十五分钟里，只做一件事，不看手机，不回消息。每完成四个“番茄时间”，就可以休息得长一点儿。 很多人试过以后发现，这个方法能帮助自己集中注意力，减少拖延。不过，也有人觉得二十五分钟太短，刚进入状态就要停下来。专家认为，时间的长短可以根据自己的情况调整，关键是找到适合自己的节奏。

Many people feel this way: busy all day, yet at the end of it not one important thing is done. How can you manage time better? One simple method is the "Pomodoro technique": work twenty-five minutes, then rest five — one "tomato". In those twenty-five minutes do only one thing: no phone, no replying to messages. After four tomatoes you can take a longer break. Many who try it find it helps them concentrate and procrastinate less. But some feel twenty-five minutes is too short — just as they get going they must stop. Experts think the length can be adjusted to suit you; the key is finding your own rhythm.

第 14 段　

逐字稿（聽完再看）

女刘老师，您在山区教书已经二十年了，当初为什么会来这里？

Teacher Liu, you've taught in the mountains for twenty years. Why did you come here?

男大学毕业那年，我参加了一个去山区教书的活动，来这里待了一个月。看到孩子们那么想读书，可学校连一个固定的老师都没有，我就决定留下来。

The year I graduated I joined a programme to teach in the mountains and spent a month here. Seeing how much the children wanted to learn, while the school didn't even have one permanent teacher, I decided to stay.

女刚来的时候，遇到过哪些困难？

What difficulties did you meet at first?

男困难太多了。学校只有两间教室，冬天没有暖气，我常常要一个人教好几个年级。最难的是让家长重视孩子的教育，有的家长觉得孩子早点儿出去打工更实在。我就一家一家地去，跟他们讲读书的好处。

Too many. The school had only two classrooms, no heating in winter, and I often taught several grades alone. Hardest was getting parents to value education: some thought it more practical for children to go off to work early. So I went to them family by family and explained the benefits of studying.

女现在学校的情况怎么样了？

And how is the school now?

男变化很大。前几年学校盖了新楼，有了电脑教室，还来了好几位年轻老师。更让我高兴的是，已经有二十多个孩子考上了大学，有的毕业后还回到家乡当了老师。

It's changed a lot. A few years ago a new building went up, with a computer room, and several young teachers came. What makes me happiest is that more than twenty children have got into university, and some came back home after graduating to become teachers.

第 15 段　

逐字稿（聽完再看）

男小张，现在开书店很不容易，你为什么还要开？

Xiao Zhang, running a bookshop is hard these days. Why open one?

女我从小就喜欢书店的感觉。在网上买书虽然方便，但少了在书架前慢慢看、偶然发现一本好书的乐趣。我希望给大家提供一个可以安静读书、交流的地方。

I've loved the feel of bookshops since I was little. Buying online is convenient, but you lose the pleasure of browsing slowly at the shelves and stumbling on a good book. I want to give people a place to read quietly and talk.

男你的书店和别的书店有什么不一样？

How is your shop different from others?

女我们每本书旁边都有一张小卡片，写着店里的人读完后的感受，很多顾客就是看了卡片才决定买的。另外，我们每个月都会请作家来和读者交流，还会举办读书会。

Every book has a little card beside it with what one of us felt after reading it; many customers decide to buy because of the card. And every month we invite a writer to meet readers, and hold reading groups.

男书店现在的情况怎么样？

How is the shop doing now?

女说实话，只靠卖书很难赚钱。所以我们也卖咖啡和文具，还在网上开了课。现在基本上能维持下去，我已经很满意了。

Honestly, it's hard to make money from books alone. So we also sell coffee and stationery and teach courses online. Now we can basically keep going, and I'm already very satisfied.

第 16 段　

逐字稿（聽完再看）

女王师傅，您在动物园负责照顾大熊猫，每天的工作主要是什么？

Master Wang, you look after the giant pandas at the zoo. What does your work mainly involve?

男早上第一件事，是看看熊猫的精神状态和吃饭的情况。然后打扫它们住的地方，准备新鲜的竹子。下午还要观察它们的活动，做好记录。如果发现有不对的地方，就要马上告诉医生。

First thing in the morning I check the pandas' condition and how they're eating. Then I clean their quarters and prepare fresh bamboo. In the afternoon I observe their activity and keep records. If anything seems wrong, I tell the vet at once.

女您觉得这份工作最难的是什么？

What's the hardest part of the job?

男是了解它们。熊猫不会说话，生病了也不会告诉你。你只能每天仔细观察，从很小的变化里发现问题。我照顾“乐乐”已经八年了，现在它看我一眼，我就知道它想要什么。

Understanding them. Pandas can't talk; if they're ill they won't tell you. You can only observe carefully every day and spot problems in tiny changes. I've looked after Lele for eight years; now one look from her and I know what she wants.

女有人说照顾熊猫的人就是熊猫的“家长”，您同意吗？

Some say keepers are the pandas' "parents". Do you agree?

男同意一半吧。我们确实要照顾它们的吃和住，但更重要的是，要让它们保持野生动物的习惯。比如我们会把竹子藏起来，让它们自己去找，这样它们才会更健康、更快乐。

Half agree. We do look after their food and housing, but more important is helping them keep the habits of wild animals. For example we hide the bamboo so they have to find it themselves; that keeps them healthier and happier.