中文 HSK 6（大陸版） 聽力練習 第 3 回

第 1 段　The Great Wall is one of the world's longest ancient structures, over twenty thousand kilometres in all. Many think it's a single wall, but it's made of many sections built in different periods, the earliest over two thousand years old.

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旁白长城是世界上最长的古代建筑之一，全长两万多公里。很多人以为长城只有一道墙，其实它是由很多段不同时期修建的墙组成的，最早的一段已经有两千多年的历史了。

The Great Wall is one of the world's longest ancient structures, over twenty thousand kilometres in all. Many think it's a single wall, but it's made of many sections built in different periods, the earliest over two thousand years old.

第 2 段　Many people wait until they're thirsty to drink. In fact, by the time you feel thirsty your body is already a little short of water. Experts suggest drinking small amounts often, not waiting until you're thirsty.

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旁白很多人等到口渴了才喝水。其实，感到口渴的时候，身体已经有点儿缺水了。专家建议，喝水最好少量多次，不要等渴了才喝。

Many people wait until they're thirsty to drink. In fact, by the time you feel thirsty your body is already a little short of water. Experts suggest drinking small amounts often, not waiting until you're thirsty.

第 3 段　The Chinese use twelve animals to mark the year of birth: the twelve zodiac signs — some people are born in the Year of the Dragon, some in the Year of the Horse. Many Chinese, meeting someone new, ask their sign, which tells them roughly how old the person is.

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旁白中国人用十二种动物来表示出生的年份，这就是十二生肖，比如有的人属龙，有的人属马。很多中国人认识新朋友的时候，会问对方属什么，这样就能大概知道对方的年龄。

The Chinese use twelve animals to mark the year of birth: the twelve zodiac signs — some people are born in the Year of the Dragon, some in the Year of the Horse. Many Chinese, meeting someone new, ask their sign, which tells them roughly how old the person is.

第 4 段　Kitchen waste such as leftovers and peel can, once processed, become something for growing flowers and vegetables that improves the soil. This both cuts rubbish and puts these things to use again.

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旁白厨房里的剩菜、果皮等垃圾，经过处理以后，可以变成种花种菜用的东西，让土地更好。这样不但减少了垃圾，还能让这些东西重新发挥作用。

Kitchen waste such as leftovers and peel can, once processed, become something for growing flowers and vegetables that improves the soil. This both cuts rubbish and puts these things to use again.

第 5 段　In recent years China's electric cars have developed fast; on some cities' roads you can see many with green number plates. Compared with conventional cars they are cheaper to run and greener.

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旁白近年来，中国的电动汽车发展很快，在一些城市的马路上，已经能看到很多挂着绿色车牌的电动汽车。和传统的汽车相比，电动汽车使用成本低，也更环保。

In recent years China's electric cars have developed fast; on some cities' roads you can see many with green number plates. Compared with conventional cars they are cheaper to run and greener.

第 6 段　Research finds that birds living in cities sing at a higher pitch than birds in forests. Scientists think it's because cities are so noisy that birds must raise their voices for their companions to hear them.

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旁白研究发现，生活在城市里的鸟，唱歌的声音比生活在森林里的鸟更高。科学家认为，这是因为城市里太吵了，鸟儿们只有提高声音，才能让同伴听见。

Research finds that birds living in cities sing at a higher pitch than birds in forests. Scientists think it's because cities are so noisy that birds must raise their voices for their companions to hear them.

第 7 段　A survey shows many company staff feel meetings are too many and too long, eating up a lot of working time. So some companies have ruled that meetings may not exceed half an hour and the agenda must be sent out beforehand.

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旁白有调查显示，很多公司的员工觉得会议太多、太长，用掉了大量工作时间。于是，一些公司规定，每次开会不能超过半个小时，而且要提前把会议内容发给大家。

A survey shows many company staff feel meetings are too many and too long, eating up a lot of working time. So some companies have ruled that meetings may not exceed half an hour and the agenda must be sent out beforehand.

第 8 段　China is short of water, and many cities face water shortages. In daily life, water used for washing vegetables can water flowers and laundry water can flush the toilet; small habits like these save a lot of water.

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旁白中国是一个缺水的国家，很多城市都面临用水紧张的问题。在日常生活中，洗菜的水可以用来浇花，洗衣服的水可以用来冲厕所，这些小习惯都能节约不少水。

China is short of water, and many cities face water shortages. In daily life, water used for washing vegetables can water flowers and laundry water can flush the toilet; small habits like these save a lot of water.

第 9 段　In cities such as Beijing and Shanghai many old factories have stopped production. In the past such buildings were usually pulled down and replaced by high-rises. But in recent years more and more cities have chosen to keep them and turn them into cultural and creative parks. There the old workshops have become exhibition halls, bookshops, cafés and design studios; some old machines have been kept and become distinctive sights. Many young people like to come at weekends to see exhibitions and take photos, enjoying the mix of history and modernity. Experts think the conversions keep the city's historical memory and bring it new vitality. But they must protect the buildings' original look, not change them beyond recognition for the sake of looks.

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旁白在北京、上海等城市，有不少老工厂已经停止生产。过去，这些旧厂房常常被直接拆掉，建成新的高楼。但是近些年，越来越多的城市选择把它们保留下来，改造成文化创意园。 在这些园区里，原来的厂房变成了展览馆、书店、咖啡馆和设计公司的办公室。一些旧机器也被保留下来，成了园区里很有特色的风景。很多年轻人周末喜欢来这里看展览、拍照，感受历史和现代的结合。 专家认为，旧厂房改造不仅保留了城市的历史记忆，也给城市带来了新的活力。不过，改造时要注意保护建筑原来的样子，不能为了好看，把它们改得一点儿也看不出原来的样子。

In cities such as Beijing and Shanghai many old factories have stopped production. In the past such buildings were usually pulled down and replaced by high-rises. But in recent years more and more cities have chosen to keep them and turn them into cultural and creative parks. There the old workshops have become exhibition halls, bookshops, cafés and design studios; some old machines have been kept and become distinctive sights. Many young people like to come at weekends to see exhibitions and take photos, enjoying the mix of history and modernity. Experts think the conversions keep the city's historical memory and bring it new vitality. But they must protect the buildings' original look, not change them beyond recognition for the sake of looks.

第 10 段　Every winter some animals find a safe place and sleep for months on end: hibernation. Bears, frogs and snakes all hibernate. Why? Mainly because winter is cold and food scarce: staying active would use a lot of energy, but there isn't enough food. During hibernation an animal's body temperature drops and its heartbeat and breathing slow down greatly, sharply cutting energy use. Animals prepare in autumn: bears, for instance, eat huge amounts to store plenty of fat, and live on it while hibernating. Only the next spring, when it's warmer and food is plentiful, do they wake up.

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旁白每到冬天，有些动物会找一个安全的地方，一睡就是好几个月，这就是冬眠。熊、青蛙、蛇等动物都有冬眠的习惯。 动物为什么要冬眠呢？主要是因为冬天天气寒冷，食物很少。如果像平时一样活动，就需要消耗很多能量，可是又找不到足够的食物。冬眠的时候，动物的体温会下降，心跳和呼吸也会变得很慢，这样就可以大大减少能量的消耗。 为了冬眠，动物们在秋天就开始做准备。比如熊，秋天会大量地吃东西，让身体储存很多脂肪。到了冬眠的时候，它们就靠这些脂肪维持生命。等到第二年春天，天气变暖，食物多了，它们才会醒来。

Every winter some animals find a safe place and sleep for months on end: hibernation. Bears, frogs and snakes all hibernate. Why? Mainly because winter is cold and food scarce: staying active would use a lot of energy, but there isn't enough food. During hibernation an animal's body temperature drops and its heartbeat and breathing slow down greatly, sharply cutting energy use. Animals prepare in autumn: bears, for instance, eat huge amounts to store plenty of fat, and live on it while hibernating. Only the next spring, when it's warmer and food is plentiful, do they wake up.

第 11 段　At the crossroads below my home there's a little shoe-repair shop run by a man in his sixties everyone calls Lao Ma. He's mended shoes for over thirty years; his work is good and cheap, and nearby residents bring him their broken shoes. Besides his tools, the shop has a small bookshelf with dozens of books. When there's no business, he says, reading makes time fly. Passing children often stop and sit on the little chairs to read, and he never charges. Later, community workers heard his story and brought a batch of new books for his shelf. Now the tiny shoe shop has become the neighbourhood children's favourite "reading corner" after school.

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旁白在我家楼下的路口，有一个修鞋的小店，店主是一位六十多岁的老人，大家都叫他老马。老马修鞋已经修了三十多年了，技术好，价格又便宜，附近的居民鞋坏了，都会拿来找他。 老马的小店里，除了修鞋的工具，还有一个小书架，上面放着几十本书。他说，没有生意的时候，看看书，时间过得特别快。路过的孩子们也常常停下来，坐在小椅子上看书，老马从来不收钱。 后来，社区的工作人员听说了老马的故事，专门给他的书架送来了一批新书。现在，这个小小的修鞋店，成了附近孩子们放学后最喜欢去的“图书角”。

At the crossroads below my home there's a little shoe-repair shop run by a man in his sixties everyone calls Lao Ma. He's mended shoes for over thirty years; his work is good and cheap, and nearby residents bring him their broken shoes. Besides his tools, the shop has a small bookshelf with dozens of books. When there's no business, he says, reading makes time fly. Passing children often stop and sit on the little chairs to read, and he never charges. Later, community workers heard his story and brought a batch of new books for his shelf. Now the tiny shoe shop has become the neighbourhood children's favourite "reading corner" after school.

第 12 段　The "fifteen-minute living circle" is a planning goal many cities have set in recent years: from home, residents can find the services of daily life — markets, supermarkets, schools, hospitals, parks — within about fifteen minutes' walk. In the past some new estates were far from shops and hospitals, so buying food or seeing a doctor meant a ride — very inconvenient. In a fifteen-minute circle most things can be done on foot, saving time and easing the traffic and environmental pressure of driving. Building one isn't easy: the government must fully consider residents' needs when planning and place facilities sensibly. Many cities have already achieved clear results.

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旁白“十五分钟生活圈”是近年来很多城市提出的一个规划目标。它的意思是，居民从家里出发，走路十五分钟左右，就能找到日常生活需要的各种服务，比如菜市场、超市、学校、医院、公园等。 过去，有些新建的小区离商店、医院比较远，居民买个菜、看个病都要坐车，很不方便。而在“十五分钟生活圈”里，大部分事情走路就能解决，不仅节省了时间，也减少了开车带来的交通和环境压力。 当然，要建成这样的生活圈并不容易，需要政府在规划时充分考虑居民的需求，合理安排各种设施的位置。目前，已经有不少城市在这方面取得了明显的成果。

The "fifteen-minute living circle" is a planning goal many cities have set in recent years: from home, residents can find the services of daily life — markets, supermarkets, schools, hospitals, parks — within about fifteen minutes' walk. In the past some new estates were far from shops and hospitals, so buying food or seeing a doctor meant a ride — very inconvenient. In a fifteen-minute circle most things can be done on foot, saving time and easing the traffic and environmental pressure of driving. Building one isn't easy: the government must fully consider residents' needs when planning and place facilities sensibly. Many cities have already achieved clear results.

第 13 段　Many foreigners find tones the hardest part of Chinese: the same sound with a different tone means something completely different. 妈 and 马, for example, sound almost alike, differing only in tone, yet mean very different things — get it wrong and you can make a fool of yourself. How to master tones? Experienced teachers suggest that at first you trace the rise and fall of each tone with your hand as you speak, to help you remember. Also, don't practise only single characters but words and sentences, because in real speech tones change under the influence of the characters around them. Most important is to listen and speak a lot. A foreign student who has learnt Chinese for five years says, "At first I was afraid of mistakes too. Later I found most Chinese understand anyway and patiently correct me. So speaking boldly is the best way."

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旁白很多外国人觉得，学汉语最难的是声调。同样一个音，声调不同，意思就完全不同。比如“妈”和“马”，声音差不多，只是声调不一样，意思却差得很远。如果说错了，就可能闹出笑话。 怎样才能学好声调呢？有经验的老师建议，刚开始的时候，可以一边说一边用手画出声调的高低，帮助自己记忆。另外，学声调最好不要只练单个的字，而要多练词语和句子，因为在真正说话的时候，声调会受到前后字的影响而发生变化。 最重要的是多听多说。一位学了五年汉语的外国学生说：“刚开始我也很怕说错，后来我发现，中国人大多都能听懂，还会耐心地帮我纠正。所以，大胆地说才是最好的办法。”

Many foreigners find tones the hardest part of Chinese: the same sound with a different tone means something completely different. 妈 and 马, for example, sound almost alike, differing only in tone, yet mean very different things — get it wrong and you can make a fool of yourself. How to master tones? Experienced teachers suggest that at first you trace the rise and fall of each tone with your hand as you speak, to help you remember. Also, don't practise only single characters but words and sentences, because in real speech tones change under the influence of the characters around them. Most important is to listen and speak a lot. A foreign student who has learnt Chinese for five years says, "At first I was afraid of mistakes too. Later I found most Chinese understand anyway and patiently correct me. So speaking boldly is the best way."

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男小李，听说你通过网上直播，一年帮村里卖出了几百吨橙子，是真的吗？

Xiao Li, I hear you sold hundreds of tonnes of the village's oranges in a year through livestreaming. Is that true?

女是真的。我们村种橙子有几十年了，橙子很甜，但以前交通不方便，外面的人不知道，常常卖不出去。三年前我大学毕业回来，就想试试在网上卖。

It's true. Our village has grown oranges for decades and they're very sweet, but transport was poor and outsiders didn't know about them, so they often didn't sell. When I came back after university three years ago, I wanted to try selling online.

男刚开始做直播的时候顺利吗？

Did the livestreams go smoothly at first?

女一点儿都不顺利。第一次直播，只有十几个人看，还都是我的同学。后来我想，光说橙子好吃没用，得让大家看到它是怎么长出来的。所以我就把直播搬到了橙子树下，给大家看我们怎么浇水、怎么摘橙子，慢慢地看的人就多了。

Not at all. At my first livestream only a dozen people watched, all classmates. Then I thought: just saying the oranges are tasty is useless — people need to see how they grow. So I moved the livestream under the orange trees and showed how we water them and pick them, and gradually more people watched.

男现在村里有什么变化？

How has the village changed?

女变化很大。橙子的价格比以前高了不少，很多在外地打工的年轻人也回来了，跟着我一起做直播。我们还修了新的路，建了一个小仓库，橙子能更快地送到全国各地。

A lot. Orange prices are much higher, and many young people working elsewhere have come back to livestream with me. We've also built a new road and a small warehouse, so oranges reach the whole country faster.

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女赵先生，您是一位给盲人“讲电影”的志愿者，能说说这是一项什么样的工作吗？

Mr Zhao, you're a volunteer who "tells films" to blind people. Could you describe the work?

男简单地说，就是在放电影的时候，把画面上发生的事情讲给看不见的观众听。比如人物在什么地方、做了什么动作、脸上是什么表情。这些对别人来说一眼就能看到，但对盲人来说，没有人讲，就很难理解电影的内容。

Simply put, while a film is showing I describe what's happening on screen for audiences who can't see it: where the characters are, what they do, the expressions on their faces. Others see these at a glance, but without someone describing them, blind people find the film hard to follow.

女讲一部电影，需要做哪些准备？

What preparation does one film take?

男准备工作比讲的时间多得多。一部两个小时的电影，我一般要先看五六遍，把要讲的内容写下来。最难的是控制时间，只能在人物不说话的时候讲，不能打断电影里的对话。

Far more time than the telling. For a two-hour film I usually watch it five or six times first and write down what to say. The hardest part is timing: I can only speak when the characters aren't talking, never cutting across the dialogue.

女做这件事，您最大的收获是什么？

What's the greatest reward for you?

男是看到他们的笑容。有一次讲完电影，一位老大爷拉着我的手说：“这是我四十年来第一次‘看’懂一部电影。”那一刻，我觉得所有的辛苦都值得了。

Seeing their smiles. Once, after a film, an old man took my hand and said, "This is the first time in forty years I've 'seen' and understood a film." At that moment I felt all the effort was worth it.

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男刘女士，您是我们这里第一位女高铁司机，当初是怎么走上这条路的？

Ms Liu, you're our first woman high-speed train driver. How did you come to it?

女我从小就喜欢火车。小时候家住在铁路边，每天听着火车的声音长大。大学我学的是和铁路有关的专业，毕业后先做了几年普通火车的司机，后来通过了严格的考试，才开上了高铁。

I've loved trains since I was small. We lived by the railway and I grew up hearing trains every day. At university I studied a railway-related subject; after graduating I drove ordinary trains for some years, then passed a strict exam before I could drive high-speed trains.

男开高铁和开普通火车有什么不同？

How is driving a high-speed train different from an ordinary one?

女最大的不同是速度。高铁每小时能跑三百多公里，一秒钟就能跑出去将近一百米，所以必须时刻集中注意力，一点儿也不能马虎。另外，高铁上的设备更先进，需要不断学习新的技术。

The biggest difference is speed. A high-speed train does over three hundred kilometres an hour — nearly a hundred metres a second — so you must concentrate every moment; you can't be careless at all. Its equipment is also more advanced, so you keep learning new technology.

男这份工作有什么让您难忘的事吗？

Is there anything about the job you'll never forget?

女有一年春节，我在车上过了除夕。虽然不能和家人在一起，但想到车上有几百位乘客能回家团圆，我心里就觉得很温暖。

One Spring Festival I spent New Year's Eve on the train. Though I couldn't be with my family, thinking of the hundreds of passengers on board getting home to their families warmed my heart.