中文 HSK 7–9（大陸版） 聽力練習 第 1 回

第 1 段　A city has recently opened its first driverless bus line. About eight kilometres long with twelve stops, it mainly links metro stations, housing estates and a science park. For now each bus still carries a safety officer who can take over in an emergency. Passengers pay nothing extra: fares are the same as on ordinary buses. In three months of trial running the line has carried over fifty thousand passengers without a single accident. The official in charge said that next, depending on how it runs, they will gradually add routes and vehicles.

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旁白近日，某市开通了首条无人驾驶公交线路。这条线路全长约八公里，沿途设有十二个站点，主要连接地铁站、居民区和科技园区。目前，每辆车上仍配有一名安全员，在紧急情况下可以接管车辆。市民乘坐这条线路无需额外付费，票价与普通公交车相同。据介绍，试运行三个月以来，这条线路累计运送乘客超过五万人次，没有发生一起安全事故。相关负责人表示，下一步将根据运行情况，逐步增加线路和车辆的数量。

A city has recently opened its first driverless bus line. About eight kilometres long with twelve stops, it mainly links metro stations, housing estates and a science park. For now each bus still carries a safety officer who can take over in an emergency. Passengers pay nothing extra: fares are the same as on ordinary buses. In three months of trial running the line has carried over fifty thousand passengers without a single accident. The official in charge said that next, depending on how it runs, they will gradually add routes and vehicles.

第 2 段　An estimated several million tonnes of plastic waste enter the sea every year. Under sunlight and waves it gradually breaks down into particles under five millimetres across, called "microplastics". They are very hard to remove; fish and other sea creatures swallow them, and they may end up in the human body through the food chain. Scientists have already found microplastics in the deep sea, the polar regions and even human blood. But how much they actually affect human health is not yet settled. Experts call for less use of disposable plastics as the key to tackling the problem at its source.

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旁白据估计，每年有数百万吨塑料垃圾进入海洋。这些塑料在阳光和海浪的作用下，会逐渐分解成直径小于五毫米的颗粒，被称为“微塑料”。微塑料很难被清除，它们会被鱼类和其他海洋生物吞食，最终可能通过食物链进入人体。目前，科学家已经在深海、极地甚至人类的血液中检测到了微塑料。不过，微塑料对人体健康究竟有多大影响，目前还没有定论。专家呼吁，减少一次性塑料制品的使用，是从源头上解决这一问题的关键。

An estimated several million tonnes of plastic waste enter the sea every year. Under sunlight and waves it gradually breaks down into particles under five millimetres across, called "microplastics". They are very hard to remove; fish and other sea creatures swallow them, and they may end up in the human body through the food chain. Scientists have already found microplastics in the deep sea, the polar regions and even human blood. But how much they actually affect human health is not yet settled. Experts call for less use of disposable plastics as the key to tackling the problem at its source.

第 3 段　

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女刘导演，您的新纪录片讲述了青藏高原上雪豹的故事。为了拍到雪豹，你们花了多长时间？

Director Liu, your new documentary tells the story of snow leopards on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. How long did it take you to film them?

男前后一共三年。雪豹非常警觉，而且生活在海拔四五千米的高山上，很难见到。我们在山上布置了几十台红外相机，常常一等就是好几个月，有时候连一张照片都拍不到。

Three years in all. Snow leopards are very wary and live high in the mountains at four or five thousand metres, so they're rarely seen. We set up dozens of infrared cameras on the mountains and often waited months — sometimes without a single photo.

女在这么艰苦的环境下，团队是怎么坚持下来的？

How did the team keep going in such harsh conditions?

男说实话，有好几次大家都想放弃了。高原缺氧，晚上气温能降到零下三十度，很多队员都出现了高原反应。支撑我们坚持下去的，是一种责任感。雪豹是高原生态系统健康与否的“指示物种”，记录下它们的生存状态，本身就是一件很有意义的事。

Honestly, several times everyone wanted to give up. The plateau is short of oxygen, nights drop to thirty below, and many of us suffered altitude sickness. What kept us going was a sense of responsibility: the snow leopard is an "indicator species" of whether the plateau's ecosystem is healthy, and recording how they live is itself very worthwhile.

女片子播出以后，反响怎么样？

What was the response after it was broadcast?

男比我们预想的好得多。很多观众说，第一次知道我们国家的高原上还生活着这么美丽的动物。更让我们欣慰的是，片子播出以后，当地有越来越多的牧民主动加入了保护雪豹的志愿者队伍。

Much better than we expected. Many viewers said it was the first time they knew such beautiful animals lived on our plateau. What gratifies us more is that since the broadcast, more and more local herders have volunteered to protect snow leopards.

第 4 段　

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男王老师，最近“职业倦怠”这个词经常被人提到，它到底指什么？

Ms Wang, people often talk about "burnout" lately. What exactly is it?

女简单地说，就是一个人长期处在工作压力下，逐渐对工作失去热情，感到身心疲惫，甚至开始怀疑自己工作的意义。它不是一种疾病，但如果长期得不到缓解，可能会引发焦虑、失眠等问题。

Simply put, it's when someone under long-term work pressure gradually loses enthusiasm, feels exhausted in body and mind, and even starts to doubt the point of their work. It isn't an illness, but if it isn't relieved for a long time it can lead to anxiety, insomnia and other problems.

男哪些人更容易出现职业倦怠？

Who is more prone to burnout?

女一般来说，工作强度大、需要长时间和人打交道的职业，比如医生、教师、客服人员等，更容易出现这种情况。另外，对自己要求过高、习惯把所有事情都揽在自己身上的人，也比较容易陷入倦怠。

Generally, intense jobs that involve dealing with people for long hours — doctors, teachers, customer-service staff — are more prone to it. People who demand too much of themselves and are used to taking everything on themselves also fall into burnout more easily.

男如果发现自己有倦怠的迹象，应该怎么办？

What should you do if you notice signs of burnout?

女首先要学会给自己“松绑”，合理安排工作和休息，不要把工作带回家。其次，要培养工作以外的兴趣爱好，让自己有放松的渠道。如果情况比较严重，就应该及时寻求专业的心理帮助，而不是一个人硬扛。

First, learn to "untie" yourself: balance work and rest sensibly and don't take work home. Second, cultivate interests outside work so you have ways to relax. If it's serious, seek professional psychological help promptly rather than grimly bearing it alone.

第 5 段　Good afternoon, everyone. Today I'd like to talk about Chinese tea. China is tea's homeland, with thousands of years of growing, making and drinking it. In 2022 "Traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China" was inscribed on UNESCO's list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, drawing more attention to Chinese tea culture. Chinese teas are very varied; by processing method they generally fall into six kinds: green, white, yellow, oolong, black (red) and dark tea. Green tea is unfermented, keeping the leaves' original colour and delicate fragrance, while red tea is fully fermented, with a bright red liquor and a rich, mellow taste. Notably, tea in China is not only a daily habit but a social practice: guests are offered tea, and people invite someone to tea when apologising. Around Guangdong people go to teahouses in the morning for "morning tea", drinking tea, eating dim sum and chatting — part of local life. In recent years a craze for "new-style tea drinks" — milk teas, fruit teas — has taken off among young people. Some worry it will undermine traditional tea culture, but others think it brings more young people into contact with tea, and so actually helps pass the culture on.

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旁白各位听众，大家好。今天我想和大家聊一聊中国的茶。中国是茶的故乡，种茶、制茶、饮茶的历史已有数千年。2022年，“中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗”被列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录，这让更多的人开始关注中国茶文化。 中国茶的种类非常丰富，按照加工方法的不同，一般可以分为绿茶、白茶、黄茶、青茶、红茶和黑茶六大类。其中，绿茶是不经过发酵的茶，保留了茶叶原有的颜色和清香；而红茶则是经过完全发酵的茶，茶汤颜色红亮，口感醇厚。 值得一提的是，饮茶在中国不仅是一种生活习惯，更是一种社交方式。客人来了要敬茶，赔礼道歉时也会请对方喝茶。在广东一带，人们早上习惯去茶楼“饮早茶”，一边喝茶，一边吃点心、聊天，这已经成为当地生活的一部分。 近年来，年轻人中兴起了“新茶饮”热潮，各种奶茶、水果茶受到热捧。有人担心这会冲击传统茶文化，但也有人认为，新茶饮让更多年轻人接触到了茶，反而有利于茶文化的传承。

Good afternoon, everyone. Today I'd like to talk about Chinese tea. China is tea's homeland, with thousands of years of growing, making and drinking it. In 2022 "Traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in China" was inscribed on UNESCO's list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, drawing more attention to Chinese tea culture. Chinese teas are very varied; by processing method they generally fall into six kinds: green, white, yellow, oolong, black (red) and dark tea. Green tea is unfermented, keeping the leaves' original colour and delicate fragrance, while red tea is fully fermented, with a bright red liquor and a rich, mellow taste. Notably, tea in China is not only a daily habit but a social practice: guests are offered tea, and people invite someone to tea when apologising. Around Guangdong people go to teahouses in the morning for "morning tea", drinking tea, eating dim sum and chatting — part of local life. In recent years a craze for "new-style tea drinks" — milk teas, fruit teas — has taken off among young people. Some worry it will undermine traditional tea culture, but others think it brings more young people into contact with tea, and so actually helps pass the culture on.

第 6 段　After an earthquake strikes, can a warning go out before the seismic waves arrive? Yes: that's "earthquake early warning". The principle isn't complicated. An earthquake produces two kinds of waves at once: P-waves and S-waves. P-waves travel fast but do less damage; S-waves travel slowly but are destructive. And electromagnetic waves travel far faster than seismic waves. Early-warning systems use this time gap: when monitoring stations detect the P-wave, they quickly calculate the quake's location and strength and send warnings by TV and phone, reaching people before the more destructive S-wave arrives. The warning usually gives only a few seconds to a few tens of seconds — but don't underestimate them: research shows three seconds' warning can cut casualties by 14 per cent, ten seconds by 39 per cent. That's enough to take cover, slow high-speed trains and shut gas pipelines automatically. China has now built a wide-coverage early-warning network, and residents of many areas can receive warnings on their phones. But experts note that very near the epicentre the waves arrive too fast for a warning — an area called the "warning blind zone".

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旁白地震发生以后，能不能在地震波到达之前发出警报呢？答案是可以的，这就是“地震预警”。 地震预警的原理并不复杂。地震发生时，会同时产生两种地震波：纵波和横波。纵波传播速度快，但破坏力较小；横波传播速度慢，但破坏力大。另外，电磁波的传播速度远远快于地震波。地震预警系统就是利用这一时间差：当监测站检测到纵波后，迅速计算出地震的位置和强度，再通过电视、手机等发出警报，抢在破坏性较大的横波到达之前通知人们。 预警时间通常只有几秒到几十秒。别小看这短短的几秒钟，研究表明，如果能提前三秒钟收到警报，伤亡可减少百分之十四；提前十秒钟，伤亡可减少百分之三十九。这几秒钟足够让人们躲到安全的地方，也能让高铁减速、燃气管道自动关闭。 目前，中国已经建成了覆盖范围较广的地震预警网络，很多地区的居民可以通过手机接收预警信息。不过，专家提醒，在距离震中很近的地区，由于地震波到达得太快，可能来不及发出预警，这一区域被称为“预警盲区”。

After an earthquake strikes, can a warning go out before the seismic waves arrive? Yes: that's "earthquake early warning". The principle isn't complicated. An earthquake produces two kinds of waves at once: P-waves and S-waves. P-waves travel fast but do less damage; S-waves travel slowly but are destructive. And electromagnetic waves travel far faster than seismic waves. Early-warning systems use this time gap: when monitoring stations detect the P-wave, they quickly calculate the quake's location and strength and send warnings by TV and phone, reaching people before the more destructive S-wave arrives. The warning usually gives only a few seconds to a few tens of seconds — but don't underestimate them: research shows three seconds' warning can cut casualties by 14 per cent, ten seconds by 39 per cent. That's enough to take cover, slow high-speed trains and shut gas pipelines automatically. China has now built a wide-coverage early-warning network, and residents of many areas can receive warnings on their phones. But experts note that very near the epicentre the waves arrive too fast for a warning — an area called the "warning blind zone".

第 7 段　With the spread of digital technology, online shopping, mobile payment and online hospital appointments have become indispensable for many. Yet for quite a few older people these conveniences have become a hard-to-cross "digital divide". Surveys show fewer than thirty per cent of people over sixty can skilfully use a smartphone to shop and pay online. Many complain the text is too small, the steps too complicated, and they fear being cheated. All sides are working to help them cross the divide. On one hand, many apps have launched "elderly-friendly" versions with bigger fonts, simpler interfaces and voice assistance; on the other, communities, universities and volunteer groups run many free smartphone classes, teaching older people hands-on. Experts think that while pushing digitalisation, necessary traditional services should be kept — staffed counters and cash payment in hospitals, stations and other public places — so older people who can't use smart devices can still enjoy basic public services. The digital age shouldn't leave anyone behind.

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旁白随着数字技术的普及，网上购物、手机支付、网上挂号已经成为很多人生活中不可缺少的一部分。然而，对于不少老年人来说，这些便利却变成了一道难以跨越的“数字鸿沟”。 调查显示，在六十岁以上的老年人中，能够熟练地使用智能手机完成网上购物和支付的，还不到三成。很多老人反映，手机上的字太小，操作步骤太复杂，而且担心上当受骗。 为了帮助老年人跨越数字鸿沟，各方面都在努力。一方面，不少手机应用推出了“适老化”版本，字体更大，界面更简洁，还增加了语音辅助功能；另一方面，社区、高校和志愿者组织开设了大量免费的智能手机培训课程，手把手地教老人使用。 专家认为，在推动数字化的同时，也应当保留必要的传统服务方式，比如在医院、车站等公共场所保留人工窗口和现金支付渠道，让不会使用智能设备的老年人同样能够享受基本的公共服务。数字时代不应该落下任何一个人。

With the spread of digital technology, online shopping, mobile payment and online hospital appointments have become indispensable for many. Yet for quite a few older people these conveniences have become a hard-to-cross "digital divide". Surveys show fewer than thirty per cent of people over sixty can skilfully use a smartphone to shop and pay online. Many complain the text is too small, the steps too complicated, and they fear being cheated. All sides are working to help them cross the divide. On one hand, many apps have launched "elderly-friendly" versions with bigger fonts, simpler interfaces and voice assistance; on the other, communities, universities and volunteer groups run many free smartphone classes, teaching older people hands-on. Experts think that while pushing digitalisation, necessary traditional services should be kept — staffed counters and cash payment in hospitals, stations and other public places — so older people who can't use smart devices can still enjoy basic public services. The digital age shouldn't leave anyone behind.