中文 HSK 7–9（大陸版） 聽力練習 第 2 回

第 1 段　From the first of July this year a city has put its Household Waste Regulations into force. Household waste is divided into four kinds: recyclables, hazardous waste, kitchen waste and other waste. Residents must put out their rubbish at set times and places, and anyone who doesn't sort it as required can be fined up to two hundred yuan. In the first month the city's separated kitchen waste nearly doubled on the month before, while other waste needing incineration or landfill fell clearly. But some residents say set times are inconvenient for office workers; in response many housing estates have extended the hours and put volunteers on duty in the evenings.

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旁白从今年七月一日起，某市正式实施《生活垃圾管理条例》。根据规定，生活垃圾被分为可回收物、有害垃圾、厨余垃圾和其他垃圾四类。居民需要在指定的时间和地点投放垃圾，个人如果不按规定分类投放，最高可被罚款二百元。条例实施的第一个月，全市厨余垃圾的分出量比上个月增加了近一倍，而需要焚烧和填埋的其他垃圾则明显减少。不过，也有居民反映，定时投放给上班族带来了不便。对此，不少小区延长了投放时间，还在晚上安排了志愿者值守。

From the first of July this year a city has put its Household Waste Regulations into force. Household waste is divided into four kinds: recyclables, hazardous waste, kitchen waste and other waste. Residents must put out their rubbish at set times and places, and anyone who doesn't sort it as required can be fined up to two hundred yuan. In the first month the city's separated kitchen waste nearly doubled on the month before, while other waste needing incineration or landfill fell clearly. But some residents say set times are inconvenient for office workers; in response many housing estates have extended the hours and put volunteers on duty in the evenings.

第 2 段　Many people take a nap after lunch. Research finds that feeling drowsy after lunch is linked to the body clock, not only to a full stomach. A suitable nap helps restore energy and improves afternoon efficiency and memory. But a longer nap is not better: experts suggest keeping it to between twenty and thirty minutes. Sleep too long and you enter deep sleep, and on waking you feel groggy instead, which can even affect your sleep at night. Also, it's best not to lie down right after lunch, but to move about for ten minutes or so first.

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旁白很多人有午睡的习惯。研究发现，午饭后人体容易感到困倦，这与体内的生物钟有关，而不仅仅是因为吃饱了。适当的午睡可以帮助人们恢复精力，提高下午的工作效率和记忆力。不过，午睡的时间并不是越长越好。专家建议，午睡最好控制在二十到三十分钟之间。如果睡得太久，人会进入深度睡眠，醒来以后反而会感到头昏脑涨，甚至影响晚上的睡眠。另外，午饭后不宜马上躺下睡觉，最好先活动十分钟左右。

Many people take a nap after lunch. Research finds that feeling drowsy after lunch is linked to the body clock, not only to a full stomach. A suitable nap helps restore energy and improves afternoon efficiency and memory. But a longer nap is not better: experts suggest keeping it to between twenty and thirty minutes. Sleep too long and you enter deep sleep, and on waking you feel groggy instead, which can even affect your sleep at night. Also, it's best not to lie down right after lunch, but to move about for ten minutes or so first.

第 3 段　

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女您好，听说您从事古籍修复工作已经有三十多年了。能先介绍一下，古籍修复主要做些什么吗？

Hello. I hear you've been restoring ancient books for over thirty years. Could you first tell us what the work mainly involves?

男简单来说，就是把那些破损、发霉、被虫蛀的古书，尽可能恢复到原来的样子。古籍修复讲究“修旧如旧”，也就是说，修好的书要尽量保持它原有的风貌，而不是修得像一本新书。

Put simply, it's bringing old books that are torn, mouldy or eaten by insects back as close as possible to how they were. Restoration values "repairing the old as old": a repaired book should keep its original look as far as possible, not end up like a new one.

女修复一本古书一般需要多长时间？

How long does restoring one old book usually take?

男这要看破损的程度。破损不严重的，几天就能完成；破损严重的，可能要花上一两年。我修过的最难的一本书，每一页都粘在一起，像一块砖头，我花了整整十四个月才把它一页一页地揭开。

It depends on the damage. A lightly damaged one takes a few days; a badly damaged one can take a year or two. The hardest book I've done had every page stuck together like a brick — it took me fourteen whole months to peel it apart page by page.

女现在愿意学这门手艺的年轻人多吗？

Are many young people willing to learn this craft now?

男比以前多了。过去这一行很冷门，工资也不高，很多人坚持不下来。这几年，随着国家对古籍保护越来越重视，再加上一些纪录片的影响，不少年轻人对这个职业产生了兴趣。我现在带的六个徒弟，都是九零后。不过我常跟他们说，做这一行，最重要的不是手巧，而是要耐得住寂寞。

More than before. This used to be an obscure trade with low pay, and many couldn't stick with it. In recent years, as the state values protecting old books more and more, and with the effect of some documentaries, quite a few young people have become interested. My six apprentices now were all born in the nineties. But I often tell them that in this trade what matters most isn't skilful hands but being able to bear solitude.

第 4 段　

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男最近，“夜间经济”成了一个热门话题。您能先给我们解释一下这个概念吗？

The "night-time economy" has become a hot topic lately. Could you first explain the idea?

女夜间经济一般是指从傍晚六点到第二天早上六点之间发生的各种消费活动，包括餐饮、购物、文化演出、体育健身等等。有数据显示，一些大城市百分之六十的消费发生在夜间。

It generally means all the spending between six in the evening and six the next morning — eating out, shopping, cultural performances, sport and fitness and so on. Figures show that in some big cities sixty per cent of spending happens at night.

男为什么各地都这么重视发展夜间经济呢？

Why are places everywhere so keen to develop it?

女一方面，它能拉动消费，创造大量就业机会；另一方面，它也丰富了市民的业余生活。很多年轻人白天要上班，只有晚上才有时间逛街、看演出。夜市、夜游、深夜书店等，满足了他们的需求。

On one hand it boosts spending and creates many jobs; on the other it enriches people's leisure. Many young people work in the day and only have time to shop or see a show at night; night markets, night tours and late-night bookshops meet their needs.

男发展夜间经济，会不会也带来一些问题？

Does developing it also bring problems?

女当然会。最突出的是噪音、垃圾和交通问题，夜市周边的居民常常抱怨晚上休息不好。所以，发展夜间经济要做好规划，比如合理安排营业区域和时间，增加夜间公交班次，加强环境卫生管理。只有处理好这些问题，夜间经济才能健康、持久地发展。

Of course. The most striking are noise, rubbish and traffic: people living near night markets often complain they can't rest at night. So it needs good planning — sensible business zones and hours, more night buses, better sanitation. Only when these are handled can the night-time economy grow healthily and lastingly.

第 5 段　In 2021 China formally set up its first national parks, the Giant Panda National Park among them. Spanning Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces over about 22,000 square kilometres, it protects over seventy per cent of the country's wild pandas. In the past the pandas' habitat was cut into many small patches by roads, villages and farmland; pandas in different areas rarely met, which was very bad for the population's breeding. To solve this the park built "ecological corridors" — passages under roads, planted with the bamboo pandas love — reconnecting the separated populations. Setting up the park didn't mean moving everyone out: many residents changed roles and became forest rangers, patrolling the mountains, monitoring wildlife and preventing fires, and some villagers opened guesthouses, earning more from eco-tourism. After years of protection, wild pandas have grown from just over 1,100 in the 1980s to over 1,800 now, and their status has gone from "endangered" to "vulnerable".

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旁白2021年，中国正式设立了第一批国家公园，大熊猫国家公园就是其中之一。它横跨四川、陕西和甘肃三个省，总面积约两万二千平方公里，保护着全国百分之七十以上的野生大熊猫。 过去，大熊猫的栖息地被公路、村庄和农田分割成了许多小块，不同区域的大熊猫很难相遇，这对种群的繁衍十分不利。为了解决这个问题，国家公园修建了“生态廊道”，在道路下方修建通道，种植大熊猫爱吃的竹子，让被分隔的熊猫种群重新连接起来。 设立国家公园，并不意味着要把人全部迁走。园区内的很多居民转变了身份，成为生态护林员，负责巡山、监测野生动物和防火。还有一些村民开起了民宿，靠生态旅游增加收入。 经过多年的保护，野生大熊猫的数量已经从上世纪八十年代的一千一百多只，增加到了现在的一千八百多只。大熊猫的受威胁程度也从“濒危”降为“易危”。

In 2021 China formally set up its first national parks, the Giant Panda National Park among them. Spanning Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces over about 22,000 square kilometres, it protects over seventy per cent of the country's wild pandas. In the past the pandas' habitat was cut into many small patches by roads, villages and farmland; pandas in different areas rarely met, which was very bad for the population's breeding. To solve this the park built "ecological corridors" — passages under roads, planted with the bamboo pandas love — reconnecting the separated populations. Setting up the park didn't mean moving everyone out: many residents changed roles and became forest rangers, patrolling the mountains, monitoring wildlife and preventing fires, and some villagers opened guesthouses, earning more from eco-tourism. After years of protection, wild pandas have grown from just over 1,100 in the 1980s to over 1,800 now, and their status has gone from "endangered" to "vulnerable".

第 6 段　In the last few years AI translation has improved very fast: take a photo with your phone or say a sentence to it, and you have a translation within seconds. So some people worry: will translation as a job disappear? As I see it the worry has some grounds, but there's no need to be too pessimistic. For manuals, news and everyday conversation, machine translation is already quite good and really can replace some human work. But language isn't just information; it carries culture and feeling. A poem, a novel or an important diplomatic negotiation needs a translator who understands the meaning behind the words and makes the right choices — something machines still find very hard. More importantly, when machine translation goes wrong, who is responsible? In law or medicine one mistranslated word can have serious consequences, so translation there still can't do without review by professionals. So the translation of the future is more likely "human–machine cooperation": the machine produces a first draft and raises efficiency, the human checks and polishes. For those who learn languages or translate, rather than fearing replacement, it's better to learn to use the machines while constantly deepening their understanding of language and culture.

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旁白这几年，人工智能翻译的水平提高得非常快。只要用手机拍一张照片，或者对着手机说一句话，几秒钟之内就能得到翻译结果。于是，有人开始担心：翻译这个职业会不会消失？ 在我看来，这种担心有一定道理，但不必过于悲观。对于说明书、新闻、日常对话这样的文字，机器翻译已经做得相当不错，确实能取代一部分人工。但是，语言不只是信息，还承载着文化和情感。一首诗、一部小说，或者一场重要的外交谈判，需要译者理解字面背后的含义，并做出恰当的选择，这是目前的机器很难做到的。 更重要的是，机器翻译出了错，谁来负责？在法律、医疗这样的领域，一个词翻译错了，就可能造成严重的后果。因此，这些领域的翻译仍然离不开专业译者的审核。 所以，未来的翻译更可能是“人机合作”：机器负责完成初稿，提高效率，人负责把关和润色。对于学外语、做翻译的人来说，与其担心被机器取代，不如学会利用机器，同时不断提高自己对语言和文化的理解。

In the last few years AI translation has improved very fast: take a photo with your phone or say a sentence to it, and you have a translation within seconds. So some people worry: will translation as a job disappear? As I see it the worry has some grounds, but there's no need to be too pessimistic. For manuals, news and everyday conversation, machine translation is already quite good and really can replace some human work. But language isn't just information; it carries culture and feeling. A poem, a novel or an important diplomatic negotiation needs a translator who understands the meaning behind the words and makes the right choices — something machines still find very hard. More importantly, when machine translation goes wrong, who is responsible? In law or medicine one mistranslated word can have serious consequences, so translation there still can't do without review by professionals. So the translation of the future is more likely "human–machine cooperation": the machine produces a first draft and raises efficiency, the human checks and polishes. For those who learn languages or translate, rather than fearing replacement, it's better to learn to use the machines while constantly deepening their understanding of language and culture.

第 7 段　The 24 solar terms are a system of knowledge about time that ancient Chinese people drew from the sun's changing position over the year. It divides the year evenly into twenty-four parts, each a solar term — the Beginning of Spring, Qingming, the Summer Solstice, the Winter Solstice and so on. In 2016 the 24 solar terms were inscribed on UNESCO's list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Many people think the terms follow the moon and belong to the lunar calendar, but not so: they reflect the sun's movement, so their dates in the Gregorian calendar are basically fixed — the Winter Solstice usually falls between 21 and 23 December. In ancient times their most important use was guiding farming: "Around Qingming, plant melons and sow beans" — when to sow and when to harvest, farmers went by the solar terms. They also gave rise to rich customs, like eating spring pancakes at the Beginning of Spring and, at the Winter Solstice, dumplings in the north and sweet rice balls in the south. Today, though fewer and fewer people farm, the solar terms haven't been forgotten: many post on social media on the day of a term, and schools hold activities about them so children can feel nature's changes and the charm of traditional culture.

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旁白二十四节气是中国古人根据太阳在一年中的位置变化而总结出来的时间知识体系。它把一年平均分为二十四份，每一份就是一个节气，比如立春、清明、夏至、冬至等等。2016年，二十四节气被列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。 很多人以为节气是根据月亮制定的，属于农历，其实不然。节气反映的是太阳的运动，所以在公历中的日期基本固定。例如，冬至一般在每年的十二月二十一日到二十三日之间。 在古代，节气最重要的作用是指导农业生产。“清明前后，种瓜点豆”，什么时候播种，什么时候收割，农民都要看节气。同时，节气也形成了丰富的民俗，比如立春吃春饼，冬至北方人吃饺子、南方人吃汤圆。 今天，虽然从事农业的人越来越少，但二十四节气并没有被人们遗忘。很多人会在节气当天发一条朋友圈，学校也会开展与节气有关的活动，让孩子们感受自然的变化和传统文化的魅力。

The 24 solar terms are a system of knowledge about time that ancient Chinese people drew from the sun's changing position over the year. It divides the year evenly into twenty-four parts, each a solar term — the Beginning of Spring, Qingming, the Summer Solstice, the Winter Solstice and so on. In 2016 the 24 solar terms were inscribed on UNESCO's list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Many people think the terms follow the moon and belong to the lunar calendar, but not so: they reflect the sun's movement, so their dates in the Gregorian calendar are basically fixed — the Winter Solstice usually falls between 21 and 23 December. In ancient times their most important use was guiding farming: "Around Qingming, plant melons and sow beans" — when to sow and when to harvest, farmers went by the solar terms. They also gave rise to rich customs, like eating spring pancakes at the Beginning of Spring and, at the Winter Solstice, dumplings in the north and sweet rice balls in the south. Today, though fewer and fewer people farm, the solar terms haven't been forgotten: many post on social media on the day of a term, and schools hold activities about them so children can feel nature's changes and the charm of traditional culture.