中文 HSK 7–9（大陸版） 聽力練習 第 3 回

第 1 段　By the end of 2023 China's high-speed railways had over 45,000 kilometres in service, about two-thirds of the world's total. Today the top operating speed is 350 kilometres an hour. Beijing to Shanghai takes just over four hours at best, where before high-speed rail the journey meant ten-odd hours on a train. Besides being fast, the trains are very punctual and rarely late. But on some lines with few passengers, income doesn't yet cover costs; how to make those lines profitable is a problem the railway authorities must solve.

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旁白截至2023年底，中国高速铁路的运营里程已经超过四万五千公里，约占世界高铁总里程的三分之二。目前，中国高铁的最高运营时速为三百五十公里。坐高铁从北京到上海，最快只需要四个多小时，而在高铁开通以前，这段路程要坐十几个小时的火车。除了速度快，高铁还非常准时，晚点的情况很少发生。不过，在一些客流量不大的线路上，高铁的运营收入还不能覆盖成本。如何让这些线路实现盈利，是铁路部门需要解决的问题。

By the end of 2023 China's high-speed railways had over 45,000 kilometres in service, about two-thirds of the world's total. Today the top operating speed is 350 kilometres an hour. Beijing to Shanghai takes just over four hours at best, where before high-speed rail the journey meant ten-odd hours on a train. Besides being fast, the trains are very punctual and rarely late. But on some lines with few passengers, income doesn't yet cover costs; how to make those lines profitable is a problem the railway authorities must solve.

第 2 段　Bees matter to people far beyond making honey. About three-quarters of the world's crops rely on bees and other animals for pollination; without bees, yields of many fruits and vegetables would fall sharply. Yet in recent decades bee numbers have dropped clearly in many parts of the world. Scientists think the causes are many: heavy pesticide use, loss of habitat, climate change and more. To protect bees some countries have restricted certain pesticides harmful to them, and experts suggest city dwellers plant some flowers on balconies or in gardens to give bees food.

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旁白蜜蜂对人类的意义远不止生产蜂蜜。据统计，全球大约四分之三的农作物需要依靠蜜蜂等动物传粉，如果没有蜜蜂，很多水果和蔬菜的产量都会大幅下降。然而，近几十年来，世界上不少地区的蜜蜂数量明显减少。科学家认为，造成这种情况的原因是多方面的，包括农药的大量使用、栖息地的减少以及气候变化等。为了保护蜜蜂，一些国家已经限制使用某些对蜜蜂有害的农药。专家还建议，城市居民可以在阳台或花园里种上一些花，为蜜蜂提供食物。

Bees matter to people far beyond making honey. About three-quarters of the world's crops rely on bees and other animals for pollination; without bees, yields of many fruits and vegetables would fall sharply. Yet in recent decades bee numbers have dropped clearly in many parts of the world. Scientists think the causes are many: heavy pesticide use, loss of habitat, climate change and more. To protect bees some countries have restricted certain pesticides harmful to them, and experts suggest city dwellers plant some flowers on balconies or in gardens to give bees food.

第 3 段　

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女您在山区的一所乡村小学教了二十年书。当初大学毕业后，为什么会选择来这里？

You have taught at a village primary school in the mountains for twenty years. Why did you choose to come here after university?

男我自己就是在山里长大的，小时候我们村的学校只有一位老师，教所有年级的所有课。是他让我知道，山外面还有一个很大的世界。所以大学毕业的时候，我就想，我也应该回来，做像他那样的人。

I grew up in the mountains myself. When I was little our village school had only one teacher, who taught every subject in every year. He showed me there was a big world beyond the mountains. So when I graduated I thought I should come back too and be someone like him.

女这二十年来，学校发生了哪些变化？

What has changed at the school in these twenty years?

男变化太大了。我刚来的时候，教室是土房子，一下雨就漏水，孩子们要走两个小时的山路来上学。现在，学校盖起了新的教学楼，有了电脑教室，还通过网络和城里的学校一起上课。孩子们也不用走山路了，政府安排了校车接送。

An enormous amount. When I came the classrooms were mud houses that leaked whenever it rained, and children walked two hours over mountain paths to school. Now the school has a new teaching building and a computer room, and holds classes online together with schools in the city. Children don't walk the mountain paths any more either: the government has arranged school buses.

女现在乡村学校面临的最大困难是什么？

What is the biggest difficulty village schools face now?

男我觉得是留住年轻老师。硬件条件改善了，可是很多年轻老师来了两三年就走了，主要是因为交通不方便，找对象也难。我们现在想办法给年轻老师提供更好的住房，帮他们解决实际困难，让他们愿意留下来。

I'd say keeping young teachers. The facilities have improved, but many young teachers leave after two or three years, mainly because transport is inconvenient and it's hard to find a partner. We're now trying to give them better housing and help with practical difficulties so they'll want to stay.

第 4 段　

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男你是景德镇人，大学学的是设计，毕业后却回到家乡做起了陶瓷。是什么让你做出了这个决定？

You're from Jingdezhen and studied design at university, yet after graduating you went home to make porcelain. What made you decide that?

女景德镇被称为“瓷都”，烧制瓷器已经有一千多年的历史。我从小看着爷爷做瓷器长大，一直觉得这门手艺很美。大学毕业以后，我发现很多老手艺人年纪越来越大，却找不到接班人，我就想，总得有人把它传下去。

Jingdezhen is called the "Porcelain Capital"; it has fired porcelain for over a thousand years. I grew up watching my grandfather make it and always found the craft beautiful. After university I saw many old craftsmen getting older without anyone to take over, and I thought someone has to pass it on.

男你的作品和传统瓷器有什么不同？

How is your work different from traditional porcelain?

女我会在传统工艺的基础上，加入一些现代的设计。比如，把传统的青花图案用在咖啡杯、手机支架这样的日常用品上。我希望年轻人觉得陶瓷不是只能放在博物馆里看的东西，而是可以每天用的。

I add modern design on top of the traditional craft — for example, putting traditional blue-and-white patterns on everyday things like coffee cups and phone stands. I want young people to feel porcelain isn't just something to look at in museums but something to use every day.

男你怎么卖你的作品？

How do you sell your work?

女主要是在网上。我会通过短视频和直播，给大家展示一件瓷器从拉坯、上釉到烧制的全过程。很多网友看了以后说，原来一个杯子要经过这么多道工序，就更能理解它的价值了。现在我的工作室已经有十几个人，大部分是和我一样的年轻人。

Mainly online. Through short videos and livestreams I show the whole process of a piece, from throwing and glazing to firing. Many viewers say they never knew a cup went through so many steps, and they understand its value better. My studio now has over ten people, mostly young like me.

第 5 段　The Kubuqi Desert, in Inner Mongolia, is China's seventh-largest. Decades ago sandstorms raged here, and every spring they blew as far as Beijing, hundreds of kilometres away. A local saying went: "Kubuqi, Kubuqi — no grass grows, no trees grow." From the late 1980s local people began a long fight against the sand. They found the hardest problem in planting trees in the desert was the lack of water. After repeated trials they invented a "water-jet method": a high-pressure water gun blasts a deep hole in the sand, a sapling goes in, planting one tree takes only a dozen seconds, and far more of them survive. Fighting the sand changed not only the environment but people's lives: they grow drought-tolerant medicinal plants such as liquorice in the desert and have developed solar power and desert tourism, and many herders who once lived by raising sheep are now employees of sand-control companies. After more than thirty years, a third of Kubuqi has been brought under control, and rainfall in the desert has clearly increased. In 2017 the UN Environment Programme named Kubuqi's experience a model of successful desert control worldwide.

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旁白库布其沙漠位于内蒙古，是中国第七大沙漠。几十年前，这里风沙肆虐，每到春天，沙尘暴就会刮到几百公里以外的北京。当地流传着一句话：“库布其，库布其，不长草，不长树。” 从上世纪八十年代末开始，当地人开始了漫长的治沙之路。他们发现，在沙漠里种树，最大的难题是缺水。经过反复试验，人们发明了一种“水冲法”：用高压水枪在沙地上冲出一个深洞，把树苗插进去，种一棵树只需要十几秒钟，而且成活率大大提高。 治沙不仅改变了环境，也改变了当地人的生活。人们在沙漠里种植甘草等耐旱的药材，发展光伏发电和沙漠旅游，很多过去靠放羊为生的牧民，现在成了治沙公司的员工。 经过三十多年的努力，库布其已经有三分之一的面积得到了治理，沙漠里的降雨量也比过去明显增加。2017年，库布其的治沙经验被联合国环境规划署评为全球治沙的成功范例。

The Kubuqi Desert, in Inner Mongolia, is China's seventh-largest. Decades ago sandstorms raged here, and every spring they blew as far as Beijing, hundreds of kilometres away. A local saying went: "Kubuqi, Kubuqi — no grass grows, no trees grow." From the late 1980s local people began a long fight against the sand. They found the hardest problem in planting trees in the desert was the lack of water. After repeated trials they invented a "water-jet method": a high-pressure water gun blasts a deep hole in the sand, a sapling goes in, planting one tree takes only a dozen seconds, and far more of them survive. Fighting the sand changed not only the environment but people's lives: they grow drought-tolerant medicinal plants such as liquorice in the desert and have developed solar power and desert tourism, and many herders who once lived by raising sheep are now employees of sand-control companies. After more than thirty years, a third of Kubuqi has been brought under control, and rainfall in the desert has clearly increased. In 2017 the UN Environment Programme named Kubuqi's experience a model of successful desert control worldwide.

第 6 段　Reading news on your phone, scrolling short articles, watching all kinds of short knowledge videos — getting information in odd moments like this is called "fragmented reading". Surveys show adults in China now spend over a hundred minutes a day reading on their phones, far more than on paper books. The benefits are obvious: it's quick and convenient, and you can take in a lot while waiting for a bus or queuing. But the problems are clear too. First, fragmented content usually lacks a system: you read a lot and remember little. Second, to catch the eye many articles have exaggerated headlines and shallow content, and some even spread wrong knowledge. More noteworthy, people long used to fragmented reading find it harder and harder to concentrate, and reading a book of a few hundred pages becomes difficult. So should we reject it entirely? I don't think so. The key is getting the balance right: use odd moments for news and information, but also set aside a whole stretch of time each day to settle down with a good book. Only by combining the two kinds of reading can we have both breadth and depth.

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旁白在手机上读新闻、刷短文章、看各种知识类短视频，这种利用零碎时间获取信息的方式，被称为“碎片化阅读”。据调查，我国成年人每天花在手机阅读上的时间已经超过一百分钟，远远多于读纸质书的时间。 碎片化阅读的好处显而易见：它方便快捷，在等车、排队的时候就能获取大量信息。但是，它的问题也很明显。首先，碎片化的内容往往缺乏系统性，读了很多，记住的却很少。其次，为了吸引眼球，不少文章标题夸张，内容却很浅，有的甚至传播错误的知识。更值得注意的是，长期习惯于碎片化阅读的人，注意力会越来越难以集中，读一本几百页的书变成了一件困难的事。 那么，我们应该完全拒绝碎片化阅读吗？我认为没有必要。关键在于把握好“度”。我们可以用碎片时间了解新闻和资讯，但也要每天留出一段完整的时间，静下心来读一本好书。只有把两种阅读结合起来，才能既有广度，又有深度。

Reading news on your phone, scrolling short articles, watching all kinds of short knowledge videos — getting information in odd moments like this is called "fragmented reading". Surveys show adults in China now spend over a hundred minutes a day reading on their phones, far more than on paper books. The benefits are obvious: it's quick and convenient, and you can take in a lot while waiting for a bus or queuing. But the problems are clear too. First, fragmented content usually lacks a system: you read a lot and remember little. Second, to catch the eye many articles have exaggerated headlines and shallow content, and some even spread wrong knowledge. More noteworthy, people long used to fragmented reading find it harder and harder to concentrate, and reading a book of a few hundred pages becomes difficult. So should we reject it entirely? I don't think so. The key is getting the balance right: use odd moments for news and information, but also set aside a whole stretch of time each day to settle down with a good book. Only by combining the two kinds of reading can we have both breadth and depth.

第 7 段　In summer, if you drive from the suburbs into the city centre, you often feel the temperature rise clearly. A city being hotter than the suburbs around it is called the "urban heat island effect"; in some big cities the centre can be five or six degrees Celsius hotter than the suburbs. There are three main causes. First, the city's many concrete and asphalt surfaces absorb heat strongly, and the heat taken in by day is released slowly at night. Second, tall buildings stand close together, so air doesn't flow freely and heat can't easily escape. Third, cars, air conditioners and factories give off a lot of heat. The heat island effect not only makes people feel stuffy and uncomfortable but also raises electricity use, worsens air pollution and can even threaten health. How can a city be "cooled down"? One effective way is more green space and water: studies show a fairly large park can lower the temperature of the area around it by one or two degrees. Planting on rooftops, using light-coloured building materials and leaving "ventilation corridors" in city planning can also help.

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旁白夏天，如果你从郊区开车进入市中心，常常会感到气温明显升高。这种城市温度高于周围郊区的现象，叫作“城市热岛效应”。在一些大城市，市中心和郊区的温差可以达到五六摄氏度。 造成热岛效应的原因主要有三个。第一，城市里大量的水泥和沥青路面吸收热量的能力很强，白天吸收的热量到了晚上才慢慢释放出来；第二，高楼密集，空气流通不畅，热量不容易散出去；第三，汽车、空调、工厂等排放出大量的热。 热岛效应不仅让人感到闷热难受，还会增加用电量，加重空气污染，甚至对人的健康造成威胁。 怎样给城市“降温”呢？一个有效的办法是增加绿地和水面。研究表明，一个面积较大的公园，可以让周边地区的气温降低一到两度。此外，在屋顶种植植物、使用浅色的建筑材料、在城市规划中留出“通风廊道”，也都能起到一定的作用。

In summer, if you drive from the suburbs into the city centre, you often feel the temperature rise clearly. A city being hotter than the suburbs around it is called the "urban heat island effect"; in some big cities the centre can be five or six degrees Celsius hotter than the suburbs. There are three main causes. First, the city's many concrete and asphalt surfaces absorb heat strongly, and the heat taken in by day is released slowly at night. Second, tall buildings stand close together, so air doesn't flow freely and heat can't easily escape. Third, cars, air conditioners and factories give off a lot of heat. The heat island effect not only makes people feel stuffy and uncomfortable but also raises electricity use, worsens air pollution and can even threaten health. How can a city be "cooled down"? One effective way is more green space and water: studies show a fairly large park can lower the temperature of the area around it by one or two degrees. Planting on rooftops, using light-coloured building materials and leaving "ventilation corridors" in city planning can also help.